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Plants: Diversity and Evolution UCB IB 168 L Spring 2020

iNaturalist observations + sketchbooks

Asynchronous weekly assignment

Sketch different examples of plant families and learn their synapomorphies. Then make observations of four or more plants of the taxa covered during the week using iNaturalist.

Create your profile, email the instructor your username, and find the project here

Topics in plant evolution

Weekly synchronous discussion sections on ZOOM

Plant "show and tell" and discussion of evolution, systematics, natural history, and ecology of the plants we've been identifying in the field

Final project

Creating a guide to your neighborhood flora

By the end of the course you will have identified many of the plants around you... tell us about them!

Let's get started!

Phylogeny assignment 1. The phylogeny is our roadmap to understanding taxonomy, but phylogenies are also hypotheses that are tested. Are bryophytes sensu lato a monophyletic group in this phylogeny? Look up some alternate phylogenies of land plants. Why do you think resolving these very deep relationships prove such a difficult problem for phylogeneticists?

mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Sketchbook assignment 1a. Bryophyta sensu stricto. Clockwise from top left: Polytrichum commune, Tetraphis pellucida, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Dicranella varia. Sketch and label: the sporophyte and the gametophyte; the seta, capsule, calyptra, annulus, and peristome.

Sketchbook assignment 1b. Marchantiophyta. Marchantia sp. Is this a leafy or thalloid liverwort? Label the antheridiophore and the archegoniophore. What do these structures produce?

Sketchbook assignment 1b. Marchantiophyta. Lunalaria sp. Is this a leafy or thalloid liverwort? Label the gemma cups. What is the ploidy of this structure?

Sketchbook assignment 1b. Marchantiophyta. Jungermannia hyalina. Is this a leafy or thalloid liverwort?

Sketchbook assignment 1c. Anthocerotophyta. Anthoceros agrestis.

Label the sporophyte and gametophyte generations.

Read more about exciting research into hornworts here. What is one thing you learned from the article about the evolution of plants?

iNat Assignment 1: bryophytes

Now go outside and take photos of a bryophyte sensu lato and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Try and ID it to Order level as a bonus challenge.

Bonus point if you find two different types of bryophytes e.g., a hornwort and a liverwort.

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

Phylogeny assignment 2. Lycophytes and monilophytes have historically been circumscribed as pteridophytes and are known as "ferns and fern-allies." However, do they form a clade? In other words, are lycophytes more closely related to gymnosperms or ferns? Which of these are eusporangiate ferns and which are leptosporangiate ferns? Are both these groups monophyletic?

lycophytes

Lycophytes: spikemosses

Selaginellaceae: Selaginella willdenowii. Sketchbook assignment 2a: Sketch and google what the sporophylls look like. 

Lycophytes: clubmosses

Lycopodiaceae: Spinulum annotinum. Sketchbook assignment 2b: Sketch and label the reproductive and vegetative parts. Are these leaves microphylls and megaphylls? How are these structures different?

Lycophytes: quillworts

Isoetaceae: Isoetes melanospora. Sketchbook assignment 2c: Sketch and label the reproductive and vegetative parts. Wikipedia "quillworts" and record in your sketchbook a couple facts that you find interesting.

Bonus: iNat Assignment 2

Now go outside and take photos of lycophyte and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Lycophytes can be hard to find, so might require a fieldtrip (and a search of iNaturalist to find out what species are in your area and where you can find them). Try and ID it to family level as a bonus challenge.

To you left is an artist's (Tim Bertelink) rendition of Lepidodendron, an extinct relative of quillworts and clubmosses that thrived during the Carboniferous 359.2 ± 2.5 Mya. While many lycophytes are very small now, these trees could reach up to 50 meters.

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

ferns

Sketchbook Assignment 3a. Weird Ferns. Clockwise from top-left: Psilotum nudum (Psilotaceae), Ophioglossum sp. (Ophioglossaceae), Anemia mexicana (Anemiaceae), Equisetum sp. (Equisetaceae), Angiopteris evecta (Marattiaceae), Osmunda regalis (Osmundaceae), Azolla caroliniana (Salviniaceae). Sketch and label fertile and sterile leaves, pinnae, sori, sporangia.
Sketchbook Assignment 3b. Aspleniineae (Eupolypods II) Clockwise from top left: Struthiopteris spicant [syn. Blechnum spicant] (Blechnaceae), Asplenium trichomanes sori (Aspleniaceae), Blechnum occidentale (Blechnaceae), Matteuccia struthiopteris (Onocleaceae), Woodsia obtusa (Woodsiaceae), petiole vasculature pattern of EUII ferns, Struthiopteris spicant sori (Blechnaceae). Label the indusia, sori, sporangia. Label the pinnae and pinnules.
Sketchbook Assignment 3c. Polypodiineae (Eupolypods I) Clockwise from top left: Polypodium sp. (Polypodiaceae), petiole vasculature pattern of EUI ferns, Elaphoglossum crassifolium (Dryopteridaceae), Platycerium elephantotis (Polypodiaceae), Selliguea hastatus (Polypodiaceae). Label the reproductive structures. Do these plants have indusia? Which of these plants have round sori and which have acrostichoid sori? How would you describe the divisions of these fronds?

iNat assignment 3: ferns

Now go outside and take photos of a leptosporangiate fern and a eusporangiate fern and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Try and ID it to family level as a bonus challenge.

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

Phylogeny from Shen et al., 2018.

keying exercise 1:

Watch the video below (featuring fern hero Paul Wolf) and review the important terminology of fern morphology. Now find the first fern around you and identify it to species using a dichotomous key. For California you can use the Jepson eFlora. For other places in the USA you can use the Flora of North America or a regional key. If you have a difficult time finding a key for your region online please contact the instructor. Once you have ID'ed your fern upload it to our iNaturalist project and copy the characteristics/descriptions you used at each step of the key.

gymnosperms

Sketchbook Assignment 4a. Non-conifer gymnosperms (ginkgo, cycads, Gnetales). Left to right from top to bottom: Ephedra viridis (Ephedraceae), Welwitschia mirabilis (top and bottom, Welwitschiaceae), Gnetum macrostachyum (Gnetaceae), Gnetum latifolium (Gnetaceae), Cycas sp. (Cycadaceae), Cycas circinalis (Cycadaceae), Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae), Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae), Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae). Sketch and label the strobili, microsporophylls, megasporophylls. What are these "fruit" like structures?
Sketchbook Assignment 4b. Conifers. Left to right from top to bottom: Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce, silver spruce, Pinaceae), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir, Pinaceae), Picea abies (Norway spruce, Pinaceae), Abies koreana (Korean fir, Pinaceae), Pinus cembra (Swiss pine, Pinaceae), Taxus baccata (European yew, Taxaceae), General Sherman Sequoiadendron giganteum (Giant sequoia, Cupressaceae), Cupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean cypress, Cupressaceae). Araucaria araucana (Monkey puzzle tree, Araucariaceae), Araucaria columnaris (Cook pine, New Caledonia pine, Cook araucaria, Araucariaceae). Sketch and label ovuliferous scales, receptacles, peltate scales. What other groups are heterosporous that we've encountered so far?

iNat Assignment 4: gymnos

Now go outside and take photos of a couple members of Pinaceae (firs, pines, cedars, larch, spruce) and a couple members of Cupressaceae (cypresses, juniper, redwood) and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Try and ID it to genus level as a bonus challenge.

[[cjr - there aren't any in california - unless you're thinking of planted plants?]] Extra credit: Find and submit observations of some non-conifer gymnosperms

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

keying exercise 2

Watch the video below and review the important terminology of conifer morphology. Now find the first conifer around you and identify it to species using a dichotomous key. For California you can use the Jepson eFlora. For other places in the USA you can use the Flora of North America or a regional key. If you have a difficult time finding a key for your region online please contact the instructor. Once you have ID'ed your conifer upload it to our iNaturalist project and copy the characteristics/descriptions you used at each step of the key.

Phylogeny Assignment 3. Using the larger phylogeny above, scroll through the list of taxa introduced in the rest of the class below and create a cladogram in your sketchbook of the bolded taxa.

flowering plants

Sketchbook Assignment 5a. ANA grade (Amborella, Nymphales, Austrobaileyales), Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales (not mentioned but know they exist). Clockwise from top left: Amborella trichopoda (Amborellaceae), Aristolochia californica (Aristolochiaceae), Magnolia wieseneri (Magnoliaceae), Umbellularia californica (California bay, Lauraceae), Piper nigrum (black pepper, Piperaceae), Illicium verum (star anise, Schisandraceae), Illicium floridanum (Schisandraceae), Peperomia magnoliifolia (Piperaceae), Nuphar variegata (Nymphaeaceae), Nuphar subintegerrimum (Nymphaeaceae), Umbellularia californica (Lauraceae), Annona cherimola (cherimoya, Annonaceae). Sketch and label the calyx, corolla, perianth, androecium, gynoecium, stamens, carpels.
Sketchbook Assignment 5b. Caryophyllales. Left to right from top to bottom: Bougainvillea glabra (Nyctaginaceae), Claytonia megarhiza (Montiaceae), Dianthus caryophyllus (Clove Pink, Caryophyllaceae), Carpobrotus edulis (Ice Plant, Aizoaceae), Drosera filiformis (Sundew, Droseraceae), Mirabilis jalapa (Four o'clock flower, Nyctaginaceae), Nepenthes ventricosa X trusmadiensis (tropical pitcher plants, Nepenthaceae), Eriogonum crocatum (Conejo Buckwheat, Polygonaceae)ocreae of a Persicaria maculosa (Polygonaceae), Eriogonum nidularium (birdnest buckwheat, Polygonaceae), male flower of Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba, Simmondsiaceae), Simmondsia chinensis, Ferocactus wislizeni (Cactaceae), Opuntia sp. (Prickly pear, Cactaceae). Sketch and label the areoles, glochids, spines, hypanthium, fruit, carnivorous structures, membraneous sheath, inflorescence. What kinds of fruits do you see here?

iNat Assignment 5: angiosperms

Now go outside and take photos of a couple members of the ANA grade or magnoliids and a couple members of Caryophyllales and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Try and ID it to genus level as a bonus challenge.

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

keying exercise 3

Watch the video below and review the important terminology of flower morphology. Now find the first flower around you and identify it to species using a dichotomous key. For California you can use the Jepson eFlora. For other places in the USA you can use the Flora of North America or a regional key. If you have a difficult time finding a key for your region online please contact the instructor. Once you have ID'ed your flower upload it to our iNaturalist project and copy the characteristics/descriptions you used at each step of the key.

Sketchbook Assignment 6a. Ranunculales. Clockwise from top left: Delphinium nuttallianum (Nuttall's larkspur, Ranunculaceae), Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup, Ranunculaceae), Papaver somniferum (opium poppy, Papaveraceae), Argemone munita (flatbud prickly poppy and chicalote, Papaveraceae), Dicentra spectabilis (Asian bleeding heart, Dicentra), Berberis darwinii (Darwin’s barberry, Berberidaceae), Mahonia pinnata (California Oregon-grape, Berberidaceae), Dendromecon harfordii (Channel Islands tree poppy, Papaveraceae), Aquilegia vulgaris (Common columbine, Ranunculaceae), Ranunculus acris (meadow buttercup, Ranunculaceae). Sketch and label achenes, actinomorphic and zygomorphic symmetry, spurs, stamens, superior overies, capsule.

Sketchbook Assignment 6b. Proteales. Banksia integrifolia (Proteaceae)

Sketchbook Assignment 6b. Proteales. Protea cynaroides (Proteaceae)

Sketchbook Assignment 6b. Proteales. Nelumbo nucifera (sacred lotus, Nelumbonaceae)

iNat Assignment 6: Ranunculales

Now go outside and take photos of a couple members of Ranunculales and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Try and ID it to genus level as a bonus challenge.

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

Time for a pub walk

To help prepare your for your final project let's introduce ourselves to a great practice and associated genre of writing the pub walk.

Read this Guardian article and familiarize yourself with the genre. The pub walk is not only a guide to different pubs, but it is a guided walk through nature. Now write your own and tell us about a fun route around your neighborhood and describe to us the different trees as landmarks. Try to note 6-7. Of course you can use other flora, fauna and landscapes, even pubs in your guide. You can have an expanded pub walk or series of pub walks with associated video descriptions (à la Jeopardy! video clues) for your final project.

Sketchbook Assignment 7a. Misc. “core eudicots” Saxifragales and Vitales. Clockwise from top left: Vitis arizonica (Arizona grape, canyon grape, Vitaceae), Cabernet Sauvignon Vitis vinifera (wine grape, Vitaceae), Saxifraga tricuspidata (Saxifragaceae), Ribes nigrum (Black currant, Grossulariaceae), Echeveria elegans (Mexican snow ball, Crassulaceae), Crassula ovata (Jade plant, Crassulaceae), Fothergilla major (Witch alder, Hamamelidaceae), Liquidambar styraciflua (American sweetgum, Altingiaceae), Sedum acre (Biting stonecrop, Crassulaceae), Ribes nigrum (Grossulariaceae), Saxifraga caesia (Saxifragaceae). Sketch and label rosettes, carpellate flowers with scale-like tepals borne in a globose head, number of stamen, baccate fruit.
Sketchbook Assignment 7b. Rosids II (Malvids) Part I Geraniales and Myrtales. Left to right from top to bottom: Erodium ciconium (Geraniaceae)Erodium sp. (cranesbill, Geraniaceae), Fuchsia hybrida (Onagraceae), Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii (Antioch Dunes evening primrose, Onagraceae), Myrtus communis (common myrtle or true myrtle, Myrtaceae), Eucalyptus tereticornis (red irongum, Myrtaceae), Melastome (Melastomataceae) leaves, Tibouchina semidecandra (princess flower, glory bush, or lasiandra, Melastomataceae), Geranium viscosissimum (Geraniaceae)Geranium palustre (Geraniaceae). Sketch and label the schizocarp and the different shapes and number of stamen.

iNat Assignment 7

Now go outside and take photos of a couple members of Saxifragales or Vitales and Geraniales and Myrtales and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Try and ID it to genus level as a bonus challenge.

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

Sketchbook Assignment 8. More Rosids I (Fabids): Oxalidales (Oxalidaceae); Malpighiales (Euphorbiaceae, Passifloraceae, Violaceae, Salicaceae); Fabales (Fabaceae). Left to right from top to bottom: Lupinus pilosus (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae), Crotalaria sp. (Fabaceae), root nodules of Vicia sepium (Fabaceae), Mimosa scabrella (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae), Mimosa pigra (Fabaceae), Cassia sp., (Fabaceae), Salix discolor (American pussy willow, Salicaceae), Salix discolor, Viola sororia (common violet, Violaceae), Passiflora incarnata (maypop, purple passionflower, Passifloraceae), Euphorbia actinoclada (Euphorbiaceae), Euphorbia confinalis (Euphorbiaceae), Oxalis luteola (Oxalidaceae). Sketch and Label the cyathium, tendrils, banner, wing and keel, root nodules, and legume (see image below).

iNat Assignment 8: Fabids

Now go outside and take photos of a couple members of Malpighiales and Fabales and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Try and ID it to genus level as a bonus challenge.

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

Sketchbook Assignment 9a. More Rosids I (Fabids): Rosales (Rosaceae, Urticaceae, Moraceae, Rhamnaceae, Ulmaceae); and Cucurbitales (Cucurbitaceae). Left to right from top to bottom: Marah oreganus (coastal manroot, Cucurbitaceae), Marah oreganus, Ulmus laevis (European white elm, Ulmaceae), Ceanothus parviflorus (Rhamnaceae), Ceanothus jepsonii var. albiflorus (Rhamnaceae), Ficus carica (common fig, Moraceae), Ficus carica, Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle, Urticaceae), Rubus sp., (blackberry, Rosaceae), Rosa sp. prickles (rose, Rosaceae), Rosa sp. cross-section, Rosa rubiginosa (Rosaceae). Sketch and Label the hypanthium and its parts.
Sketchbook Assignment 9b. More Rosids I (Fabids): Fagales. Clockwise from top left: Corylus cornuta (beaked hazelnut, Betulaceae), Alnus serrulata (hazel alder, Betulaceae), Quercus robur (European oak, Fagaceae), Betula pendula (silver birch, Betulaceae), Juglans major (Arizona walnut, Juglandaceae). Sketch and label catkins, nut, involucre.

iNat Assignment 9: even more Fabids

Now go outside and take photos of a couple members of Rosales and Cucurbitales as well as a couple of the Fagales and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Try and ID it to genus level as a bonus challenge.

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

Sketchbook Assignment 10. More Rosids II (Malvids) Part II (remember the Geraniales and Myrtales...): Brassicales (Brassicaceae); Malvales (Malvaceae); Sapindales (Rutaceae, Anacardiaceae, Sapindaceae s.l.). Left to right from top to bottom: Aesculus californica (buckeye or horse chestnut, Sapindaceae), Aesculus californica, Acer macrophyllum (bigleaf maple or Oregon maple, Sapindaceae), Acer laevigatum (smooth maple or Nepal maple, Sapindaceae), Rhus typhina (staghorn sumac, Anacardiaceae), leaf of Rutaceae, Citrus × sinensis (sweet orange group, Rutaceae), Fremontodendron californicum (California flannelbush, Malvaceae), Gossypium hirsutum (cotton, Malvaceae), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Hawaiian hibiscus, rose mallow, Malvaceae), Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepard's purse, Brassicaceae), Cardamine impatiens (narrowleaf bittercress, Brassicaceae), Brassica juncea (brown mustard, Chinese mustard, Brassicaceae). Sketch and Label silique, tetradynamous stamen, cruciform petal arrangement, monadelphus stamens, oil glands, drupes, samaras.

iNat Assignment 10: Malvids

Now go outside and take photos of a couple members of Brassicales as well as a couple of the Malvales and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Try and ID it to genus level as a bonus challenge.

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

Sketchbook Assignment 11a. Asterids. Cornales (Cornaceae) and Ericales (Ericaceae, Theaceae, Primulaceae, Polemoniaceae). Left to right from top to bottom: Cornus unalaschkensis (Cornaceae), Cornus canadensis (bunchberry, Cornaceae), Gilia brecciarum (Polemoniaceae), Phlox paniculata (Polemoniaceae), Phlox glaberrima (Polemoniaceae), Dodecatheon conjugens (Bonneville shooting star, Primulaceae), Primula vulgaris (common primrose, Primulaceae), Camellia sasanqua (Theaceae), Rhododendron sp. (Ericaceae), Vaccinium vitis (Lingonberry, Ericaceae), Arctostaphylos patula (greenleaf manzanita, Ericaceae). Sketch and Label inflorescences sometimes subtended by large showy bracts, urn shaped flowers, fused petals.
Sketchbook Assignment 11b. Asterids. Solanales (Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae, and Boraginaceae), Gentianales (Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae), Apiales (Apiaceae), and Dipsacales (Caprifoliaceae, Adoxaceae). Left to right from top to bottom: Hedera helix (English ivy, Apiaceae), Foeniculum vulgare (common fennel, Apiaceae), Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle, Caprifoliaceae), Sambucus canadensis (American black elderberry, Adoxaceae), Galium odoratum (sweetscented bedstraw, Rubiaceae), Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed, Apocynaceae), Asclepias syriaca, Phacelia tanacetifolia (blue tansy or purple tansy, Boraginaceae), Borago officinalis (starflower, Boraginaceae), Ipomoea transvaalensis (Convolvulaceae), Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed, Convolvulaceae), Brugmansia aurea (Golden angel's trumpet, Solanaceae), Solanum dulcamara (bittersweet nightshade, Solanaceae). Sketch and Label plicate corollae, yellow connate anthers, vegetative parts covered with rough hairs, helicoid or scorpioid cyme inflorescences, follicle.

iNat Assignment 11: Asterids

Now go outside and take photos of a couple members of Cornales or Ericales and one of a member of lamiids and one of a member of campanulids and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Try and ID it to genus level as a bonus challenge.

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

Sketchbook Assignment 12a. Mints (Lamiaceae). Clockwise from top-left: Stachys byzantina (lamb's-ear), Condea emoryi (desert lavender),Condea emoryi, Salvia spathacea (California hummingbird sage), Scutellaria lateriflora (blue skullcap, mad dog skullcap). Sketch and Label square stem, opposite pairs of leaves.
Sketchbook Assignment 12b. Asters (Asteraceae). Left to right from top to bottom: Artemisia californica (California Sagebrush), Baccharis douglasii (Saltmarsh baccharis), Lasthenia californica (California goldfields), Grindelia hirsutula (Gum plant), Achillea millefolium (common yarrow), Symphyotrichum chilense (Pacific aster), Cirsium brevistylum (Indian thistle), Helenium puberulum (Rosilla), Layia carnosa (beach tidytips). Sketch and Label disk flowers, ray flowers, ligule, receptacle, bracts.

iNat Assignment 12: Asters and Mints

Now go outside and take photos of a couple of mints and a couple of asters and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Try and ID it to genus level as a bonus challenge.

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

Sketchbook Assignment 13a. petaloid monocots. Alismatales, Liliales, Asparagales. Left to right from top to bottom: Stanhopea insignis (Orchidaceae), Lycaste virginalis (Orchidaceae), 'Mary-Todd' Iris (Tarn Hows X Gypsy Classic, Iridaceae), Hemerocallis fulva (orange day-lily, tiger day-lily, Asphodelaceae), Aloe hereroensis (Sand aloe, Asphodelaceae), Agave americana (Century plant, Asparagaceae), Allium flavum (yellow) and Allium carinatum (purple), Trillium erectum (Red trillium, Melanthiaceae), Prosartes hookeri (Drops-of-gold, Liliaceae), Arum palaestinum (Araceae), Agapanthus praecox (Common Agapanthus, Amaryllidaceae), Monstera deliciosa (Swiss-cheese plant, Araceae). Sketch and Label the column, labellum, pollinia, spathe, spadix, standards, beard, fall.
Sketchbook Assignment 13b. more petaloid monocots. Arecales, Commelinales, Zingiberales, some Poales. Left to right from top to bottom: Puya raimondii (Bromeliaceae), Puya berteroniana (Bromeliaceae), Tillandsia argentea (Bromeliaceae), Zingiber macradenium (Zingiberaceae), Heliconia latispatha (Expanded lobersterclaw, Heliconiaceae), Musa acuminata (some banana, Musaceae), Pontederia crassipes (Common water hyacinth, Pontederiaceae), Anigozanthos rambubona (Kangaroo Paw, Haemodoraceae), Commelina communis (Asiatic dayflower, Commelinaceae), Brahea brandegeei (Arecaceae), Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm, Arecaceae). Sketch.

iNat Assignment 13: Petaloid monocots

Now go outside and take four photos of any of the seven orders covered and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Try and ID it to genus level as a bonus challenge.

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

Sketchbook assignment 14. graminoid monocots. Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Typhaceae. Left to right from top to bottom: Typha sp. (cattails, Typhaceae), Juncus monanthos (rushes, Juncaceae), Juncus trifidus (Juncaceae), Carex ovalis (sedge, Cyperaceae), parts of a grass flower, Poa annua (Poaceae), Festuca pratensis (Poaceae), Bromus pubescens (Poaceae), Bromus inermis (Poaceae). Sketch and Label the palea, glume, lemma, floret, spikelet, perigynium. 

Bonus iNat Assignment 14: graminoid monocots

Now go outside and take photos of these four families and post it our class project in iNaturalist. Try and ID it to genus level as a bonus challenge.

Remember "sedges have edges, rushes are round, grasses are hollow and smoke joints around town."

In your observation description on iNat please include a list of observed characters that permitted the identification such as killer synapomorphies, geographical or geological location, etc.

Wow. That was a lot of plants.

Final project: show us your plants

Now that you've identified many plants around your neighborhood, give us a tour in any way you'd like. It can be a pub walk with videos, a nature documentary, or even a music video, just to name a few ideas. Try and incorporate local history, geological facts, animal interactions, ecosystem changes and more to tell a story about where you live now.

for inspo

Created By
Michael Song
Appreciate

Credits:

Non-wikipedia images: Fir0002/Flagstaffotos; Cal Acad of Sci; Soltis et al., 2019; Colleen Neff, Shen et al., 2018. The images used on the page are either in the public domain or licensed under CC-BY, CC-BY-SA, or GFDL. The authors of images not in the public domain are in relative order of appearance: James Lindsey at Ecology of Commanster, Kristian Peters, J.F Gaffard, BerndH, Fred Hsu, Eric Guinther, Rror, Steve Fitzgerald, Christian Fischer, Valérie75, Kurt Stüber, Björn S., Peter Coxhead, Dick Culbert, Jaknouse, Vzb83, James K. Lindsey, Hans Hillewaert, Samuel Thomas, Anneli Salo, Keisotyo, Forest and Kim Starr, AHR12, L. Shyamal, Bernd Haynold, Ginkgob, H. Zell, Raul654, Ian Alexander, Tim Bertelink, L. Shyamal, Vinayaraj, Psumuseum, Bries, Thomas Schoch, Dcrjsr, MPF, MargaretRDonald, Bradluke22, Muffet, Wolfgang Moroder, Lestat, Dave Powell, Scott Zona, Alpsdake, peupleloup, James Steakley, K Hari Krishnan, Curtis Clark, Elf, Marcelo RosaMelo, Arria Belli, Anachronist, PD-PDPHOTO.ORG, Matthew Robinson, GFDL, Rosťa Kracík, Walter Siegmund, Yanto, Juan Carlos Fonseca Mata, Martin Olsson, Stan Shebs, NoahElhardt, Kenneth Bosma, Wclarke, Sgerbic, Dick Culbert, Darkone, brewbooks, Dcrjsr, James Steakley, Skalle-Per Hedenhös, Laura Brolis, Walter Siegmund, Vsion, MichaelMaggs, Dan Murtha, Frank Vincentz, Sannse, Eria Wei, Jerzy Opioła, Jerzy Opioła, Kim Hansen, BerndtF, Stan Shebs, Christian Fischer, Eric Guinther, Ethel Aardvark, Ivette Loredo, Gold Bernard, Alvesgaspar, Dario Crespi, Peripitus, Stan Shebs, Melburnian, Brocken Inaglory, Frank Vincentz, PumpkinSky, Stephencdickson, Silk666, Avicennasis, Banswalhemant, HFret, Wibowo Djatmiko, Emőke Dénes, Marshman, Zachi Evenor, Stan Shebs, JJ Harrison, Uwe H. Friese, Woodlot, Silverije, Eric in SF, Dcrjsr, Димитър Найденов / Dimìtar Nàydenov, Folini, Chiswick Chap, MPF, Whitney Cranshaw, Eric Hunt, Willow, BlueCanoe, Dalgial, sarefo, SaltySemanticSchmuck, Muhammad Mahdi Karim, Ellen Levy Finch, ZooFari, WiZZiK, Thayne Tuason, Eugene Zelenko, Jill B. Lignaut, Walter Siegmund, D. Gordon E. Robertson, Jonas Bergsten, Atudu, junichiro aoyama, Pokrajac, C T Johansson, Nadiatalent, Joe Decruyenaere, TeunSpaans, RI, Galia, Roger Culos , Paasikivi, Hardyplants, Mdf, Hajotthu, J.M.Garg, Aftabbanoori, Alvesgaspar, H. Zell, JLPC, Gordon Leppig & Andrea J. Pickart, Sgerbic, Curtis Clark, Franco Folini, Dawn Endico, docentjoyce, Antandrus, KarlM, Derek Ramsey, Sean A O’hara, Ramin Nakisa, Edoddridge, Harald Süpfle, Fan Wen, A. Barra, Orchi, Mmcknight4, Megan Hansen, Bogdan, Toby Hudson, Muhammad Mahdi Karim, Miya.m, Justin Lebar , Nimphel, Yazz’, Cbrescia, Aelwyn, Kristian Peters, Rasbak, Stefan.lefnaer, cassi saari, Opioła Jerzy, HermannSchachner, Namazu-tron, Eric Guinther A link to all the licenses are https://commons.wikimedia.org/ followed by searching the author’s name. If you are unsure which image corresponds to each author you can find out by using the reverse image search at google.com. Please contact michael_song at berkeley dot edu for any corrections or if content was misused.

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