The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) stands in solidarity with the billions of people around the world who are suffering from the impacts of COVID-19.

COVID-19 is a reminder that public and planetary health, as well as people's economic and social well-being, are intimately connected. This global health emergency requires a sound environmental response, which UNEP is working to enable. UNEP additionally has a duty to help nations build back better after the pandemic, to increase our resilience to future crises. To achieve these goals, UNEP remains deeply committed to our mandate to facilitate and advance environmental governance.

Sound environmental governance is critical for safeguarding human health and responding to COVID-19. Under this work, UNEP is currently developing policy and legislation guidance on a nuanced approach to the regulation of live animal markets and trade in wildlife, as well as legal and institutional guidance to allow countries to better respond to waste management emergencies. Our efforts additionally include steps to modernize and move environmental governance and multilateralism towards virtual meeting platforms, and thus to lower the environmental footprint.

About this update

Policy coherence and effective laws and institutions are foundational to address climate change, pollution and nature loss and achieve the environmental dimension of sustainable development. Environmental governance provides the enabling framework and institutional and legal architecture needed to make environmental policy goals a reality.

This update is designed to inform you of the work that UNEP and our partners are doing to advance sound environmental governance. Each story in this update contributes to the advancement of sound environmental governance in one of the following ways:

1. Uptake by United Nations entities, international organizations and forums of environmental policy issues or approaches emerging from UNEP policy advice;
2. Uptake of approaches for the coherent implementation of multilateral environmental agreements or other multilateral institutional mechanisms as a result of UNEP support;
3. Concerted policy action taken by countries on environmental issues of international concern as a result of UNEP support;
4. Enhanced institutional capacity and legal frameworks to fully implement the Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) and to achieve internationally agreed environmental goals, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a result of UNEP support;
5. Integration of the environment into sustainable development planning, including as part of achieving the SDGs as a result of UNEP support;
6. Partnerships between UNEP and major groups and stakeholders for promoting the achievement of internationally agreed environmental goals, including the SDGs.

Learn more about UNEP's response to COVID -19 through the following link: COVID-19 updates from UNEP.

Topics covered in this update:

Environmental rule of law

Strong environmental laws and institutions are essential for planetary health, nature, pandemic recovery, and resilience. They underpin the successful implementation of any environmental goal, policy or commitment, including the Sustainable Development Goals. UNEP supports countries to strengthen laws and institutions at all levels to achieve the internationally agreed environmental goals, including upholding environmental rights. Through the Montevideo Environmental Law Programme, we support the development and implementation of environmental rule of law, build related capacities, and contribute to the environmental dimension of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Synergy and Policy Coherence

UNEP is uniquely positioned to promote policy coherence, international agreements, and cooperation, on issues of regional and global significance, by supporting relevant intergovernmental processes and regional and national institutions. Working closely with the MEAs and the UN Environment Management Group, we aim to strengthen the environmental governance nexus between nature, pollution, climate change, and sustainable consumption and production. Through our OzonAction programme, we strengthen the capacity of governments and industry in developing countries to elaborate and enforce policies required to implement the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and to make informed decisions about alternative technologies.

Nature

The year 2020 has been dubbed a “super year” for the environment; a make or break year in which UNEP works closely with governments, law enforcement agencies, biodiversity experts, and judiciaries, to support the design, implementation and enforcement of laws and regulations that contribute to improved governance of natural resources. We work with partners to ensure the post-2020 global biodiversity framework is taken on board in national processes, including science-based approaches in the sustainable use of biological resources.

Chemicals and Pollution

UNEP supports countries and institutions to design science-based integrated policies and strengthen policy coherence, implementation and effectiveness, taking advantage of environmental data insights as enabled by digital technologies. This is with the objective to significantly reduce harmful effects caused by chemicals of major public health concern. We strengthen institutional capacities and help countries to develop adequate policy, regulatory and cooperation frameworks for addressing trans-boundary pollution, promote sound chemicals and waste management, and prevent and mitigate environmental and health threats through a One Health approach - the adoption of integrated human, animal and environmental health expertise and policy.

The Montevideo Environmental Law Programme

Our environmental law work is anchored upon the Montevideo Environmental Law Programme, which is a ten-year intergovernmental programme that supports countries in promoting and implementing environmental rule of law. Running from 2020 to 2030, the programme is a global partnership that involves a wide range of environmental law stakeholders. UNEP will work with national government focal points, UN agencies and intergovernmental organizations, civil-society organizations, the private sector, and academics, to identify needs and priorities in the field of environmental rule of law.

The objectives of the programme are to:

• Support the development of adequate and effective environmental legislation and legal frameworks at all levels to address environmental issues;
• Strengthen the effective implementation of environmental law at the national level;
• Support enhanced capacity-building for increased effectiveness of environmental law for all stakeholders at all levels;
• Support national Governments, upon their request, in the development and implementation of environmental rule of law; and
• Promote the role of environmental law in the context of effective environmental governance.

More information about the Montevideo programme:

• The Montevideo Environmental Law Programme
• UN Environment Assembly resolution 4/20 on the Montevideo Environmental Law Programme
• A general brochure on the Montevideo Environmental Law Programme
• A fact sheet for National Focal Points

UNEP launches a 'researchathon' to collect good practices relating to the implementation of Environmental Rule of Law

UNEP is making a public call for inputs to solicit good practices related to the promotion and implementation of the environmental rule of law with a focus on (1) laws, (2) institutions, (3) civic engagement, (4) rights and (5) justice. Select good practices will be included in the UNEP 2021 Global Report on Environmental Rule of Law. Through this research, UNEP seeks to consult with a wide range of stakeholders in preparation for the UNEP 2021 Global Report on Environmental Rule of Law, and to enhance the implementation and understanding of the environmental rule of law, through the promotion of good practices and success stories. Read more...

Environmental Rights

UN Environmental Rights bulletin - September 2020 Edition

UNEP, in collaboration with the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), has released the first Environmental Rights Bulletin, that aims at supporting a growing Community of Practice of OHCHR and UNEP. The bulletin promotes the exchange of experiences, best practices and information sharing related to processes at the country, regional and global level, of relevance to the human rights-environment nexus. Read more...

The right to a healthy environment: A virtual nexus dialogue

The UN Secretary General’s Call to Action on Human Rights adopted in February 2020 features an action on “Rights of Future Generations, Especially Climate Justice” explicitly calling for the UN system to support the efforts of member States related to the human right to a healthy environment. The UN Environment Management Group, in close collaboration with the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and UNEP, organized a virtual nexus dialogue series on The Right to a Healthy Environment, in July 2020. The nexus dialogue is aligned with UNEP’s COVID-19 response, emphasizing modernizing environmental governance and multilateralism with a move towards virtual e-platforms, while simultaneously lowering the overall environmental footprint. Read more...

Human Rights Council meets on the Rights of the Child and Environment

In July 2020, UNEP participated in a meeting organized by the UN Human Rights Council, following the annual meeting on the rights of the child, setting the scene for a healthy environment as a child rights concern. UNEP delivered a statement highlighting the interdependence of human rights and the environment, and its contribution to efforts to advance the rights of the child in the context of the right to a healthy environment. UNEP also supported the publication of a guidance note on how to report on children’s rights and the environment to the Committee on the Rights of the Child. Read more...

Building environmental resilience and responding to global crises through supply chain due diligence

In June 2020, UNEP partnered with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to deliver a session during the OECD Global Forum on Responsible Business Conduct (RBC), on building environmental resilience and responding to global crises through supply chain due diligence. The session highlighted the importance of observing the RBC standards by companies, and that implementing due diligence in their response to the COVD-19 crisis will help ensure that business decisions avoid and address potential adverse impacts on people and the planet. Read More

Good health is an environmental right

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown us that if we want our ecosystems to take care of us, we need to take care of them. On average, one new infectious disease emerges in humans every four months; 75% of these infections emanate from animals. The zoonotic diseases can spill over to humans when the destruction of habitats and illegal wildlife trade continues, increasing our exposure to pathogens. Every day, 4,000 children die from diseases caused by polluted water and inadequate sanitation, while toxins present in crops and livestock can accumulate in human bodies if ingested. This harm to natural resources subsequently adversely impacts public health. Read more...

Policy guidance for promoting and protecting children’s rights to a healthy environment in the ASEAN region

The East Asia and Pacific region is among the most impacted by climate change and environmental degradation in the world. Asia Pacific is home to 580 million children (27% of the global child population), where more than 100 million children live in areas that are at high risk of tropical cyclones and over 90% of children live in areas with polluted air. In July 2020, UNEP, UNICEF, and OHCHR jointly held a meeting to, among other objectives, develop a policy guidance for advancing children’s rights to a healthy environment in ASEAN region. Read more...

New visual materials depict the human rights obligations and responsibilities related to the environment

Human rights and the environment are intrinsically intertwined: a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment reinforces our human rights, whilst polluted, hazardous and otherwise unhealthy environments potentially violate our human rights. UNEP has developed illustrations to display examples of human rights obligations in the environment, with the purpose of enhancing understanding among stakeholders and enable them to quickly identify some of the highlighted rights and their effects. Read more...

Related stories

• Joint UNICEF-UNEP-OHCHR Expert Group Meeting: Policy guidance for promoting and protecting children’s rights to a healthy environment in the ASEAN region
• Discussing the role of business in addressing global environmental challenges and the interlinkages with human rights
• Landmark decision in Kenya lead pollution case: Government to pay US$12 million in compensation for smelter pollution

Supporting the Implementation of MEAs

The DaRT tool - facilitating coherent implementation, cooperation and synergies among the MEAs

The submission of national reports on the implementation of biodiversity-related Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) is an essential requirement for Parties. For many countries, however, the compilation of national reports is a high burden, due to the number of reports to submitted, the involvement of numerous experts across ministries and, the challenge of identifying pertinent information sources.

The Data Reporting Tool for MEAs (DaRT) is the first tool of its kind to support Parties to effectively use synergies in the field of knowledge and information management for national reporting to biodiversity-related conventions. It addresses the national reporting burden by promoting effective knowledge management across Ministries and administrative units, enhancing synergies across conventions, and increasing effectiveness of national efforts to achieve global environmental targets. Since the launch of the tool in March 2020, several biodiversity milestones have been achieved, including, supporting Parties at national level to enhance synergies and integrate gender mainstreaming into national biodiversity goals and targets, as they also replicate the best practices.

Nature meets policy in Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso country is implementing several multilateral environmental agreements – including the National Economic and Social Development Plan (2016-2020), which envisages “strong, sustainable and inclusive economic growth.” But transformational change is no small feat. In 2019, Burkina Faso ranked 141 out of 162 countries in terms of progress toward the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Responding to its expressed needs, UNEP, under the United Nations Development Account (UNDA) project, is strengthening the capacity of national institutions to implement and monitor the environmental dimension of the 2030 Agenda in a coherent and integrated manner, and produce quality environmental statistics to inform decision making and guide the implementation of the 2030 Agenda in the country. Read more...

UNEP is working in close collaboration with Burkina Faso’s government institutions, UN Country Teams and Resident Coordinators, and Sustainable Development Goal mechanisms to: enhance technical capacities of focal points in relevant ministries – including development, finance, agriculture, fisheries and environment – to deliver on the environmental dimension of the 2030 Agenda in a coordinated, integrated and evidence-based manner. UNEP is also working with national statistical offices to regularly produce comprehensive sets of environment statistics, data and information that integrate Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) and Multilateral Environmental Agreement (MEA) related data, into development policies.

InforMEA

InforMEA's new e-learning platform sees record numbers of users

With a huge rise in people across the world turning to virtual learning spaces due to COVID-19, the United Nations Information Portal on Multilateral Environmental Agreements (InforMEA) launched its new look e-learning platform, to facilitate easy and intuitive access to over 30 free, multilingual, self-paced courses on a wide range of environmental law topics. Users can search for Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) foundational courses, explore more advanced courses or look for courses by SDG Goals. The platform is now live and can be accessed at: https://elearning.informea.org/

The new platform also contains two brand new free self-paced courses on Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ), and SDG 16 and access rights, the Aarhus Convention, and the Escazú Agreement. It also features an updated interactive course on the Minamata Convention on Mercury.

The complex interplay of MEAs in tackling environmental challenges

MEAs are largely issue-specific, having risen in response to particular environmental threats identified by the international community at certain points in time, for example, the effects of certain substances on depleting the ozone layer, or the effects of international trade in endangered species on biodiversity. InforMEA has developed videos to demonstrate this complexity, through the lenses of bees, peatlands, and plastics. The videos show how the InforMEA platform can be used to organize and search information across MEAs in an intelligent and accessible way. The videos are as follows:

The Buzz about Town - how InforMEA can help to protect the bees

We are losing bees at an alarming rate. The causes are complex and interlinked, ranging from habitat loss from intensive farming and land use change, to the increased spread of parasites and pathogens, the use of chemical pesticides, and climate change. A comprehensive and coherent response to this issue requires policy makers to be aware of the existing policies and mechanisms MEAs have in place with respect to the different drivers and consequences of pollinator loss.

Tackling plastic pollution - how InforMEA works

As a global issue requiring a global response, the legal and policy framework provided by Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), international goals and policies, and national legislation, is essential to meet the challenges posed by plastic. This video shows how to use InforMEA to search and retrieve all this diverse and scattered information in order to understand how the international community is seeking to tackle this cross-cutting and highly relevant issue.

Protecting peatlands - how InforMEA works

Peatlands cover just 3% of the earth's surface yet by some estimates, they absorb more carbon than all the world's forest combined, and provide many other essential ecosystem services. Protecting peatlands is, therefore, a critical environmental challenge. This video explains how to use InforMEA to understand the full spectrum of MEA actions on peatlands to create synergies, identify complimentary needs, and seize opportunities offered by environmental law.

For more information about InforMEA, please visit: https://www.informea.org/en/about

OzonAction

Why it’s important to celebrate World Refrigeration Day

Much of the world's refrigeration and air conditioning equipment relies on gases that are controlled under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, notably, the hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). HCFCs deplete the stratospheric ozone layer and HFCs are potent greenhouse gases. On 26 June of each year, individuals, governments, companies and other organizations celebrate World Refrigeration Day, which raises awareness about the significant role that refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pumps play in modern life. Read more...

Kigali Amendment hits milestone 100th ratification, boosting climate action

The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, an international agreement to cut the use of climate-warming HFCs, has reached a major milestone with Liberia becoming the 100th nation to ratify the Amendment, providing a welcome boost to global climate action. Liberia's ratification is part of an accelerating trend of nations approving the treaty and beginning work on phasing down the gases. Mali was the first country to ratify the Amendment in 2017, followed by Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, and Rwanda. Read more...

As part of a broader effort to encourage universal ratification of the Kigali Amendment and development of legal frameworks addressing the content of the Kigali Amendment, UNEP, in cooperation with the Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, hosted a webinar to provide information to institutions on how obligations under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol can be reflected in national law. The webinar expanded on observed trends in legislation developed to respond to the Kigali Amendment and provided an opportunity to discuss considerations that countries could take into account in light of Covid-19.

Women in refrigeration and air-conditioning - stories from Malawi

Refrigeration and air conditioning are crucial for our health, nutrition, comfort and well-being, and women and men alike are making it happen. Women engineers, technicians, trainers and professors are increasingly working in this traditionally male-dominated weld and making significant contributions to its professional development. Mary Kapete, from Malawi, is among the many women across the world who have joined the refrigeration sector, and have benefited from the UNEP's OzonAction capacity building programmes, training them on the refrigeration gases, how to handle and change them, and how to handle other equipment used in the refrigeration. Read more...

Pacific countries determined to advance climate and Ozone Action despite pandemic

In the Pacific, HCFCs are used mostly in refrigeration and air-conditioning servicing and are the major ozone-depleting substances used in the region. UNEP, through its OzonAction Compliance Assistance Programme, has been supporting efforts to eliminate and reduce ODS use in the Pacific and other countries with support provided by the Montreal Protocol's Multilateral Fund. Uniquely, Pacific Island countries have adopted a regional approach for tackling ODS, working together to phase out HCFCs. Read more...

Mongolia uses "Right-Sized" approach to successfully hold refrigeration and air conditioning training workshops during COVID-19 pandemic

In line with the objectives of the Montreal Protocol, the National Ozone Authority (NOA) of Mongolia's Ministry of Environment and Tourism is continuing to work amid the COVID-19 pandemic, building the capacity of the country's refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) technicians, to service room air conditioners that use alternative gases. In May 2020, and in compliance with the guidelines of the National Emergency Management Agency of Mongolia on COVID-19, the NOA held and split a training workshop into two, with each workshop having just 10 participants, to meet the required health measures. Read more...

Asia-Pacific countries address Hydrofluorocarbon data challenges

Accurate and timely data are the bedrock of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Countries that have ratified the Kigali Amendment are facing novel challenges regarding data reporting for HFCs. These countries must report annual statistical data by substance to the UNEP Ozone Secretariat, and are obliged to establish a licensing system to control imports and exports of HFCs by 1 January 2021. To help countries meet these data challenges, UNEP held a virtual meeting with countries across Asia and the Pacific to share experiences in updating their national licensing systems for HFCs. Read more...

OzonAction rolls out enhanced Informal Prior Informed Consent (iPIC) platform

The iPIC is a voluntary and informal mechanism of information exchange on intended trade between countries in ozone depleting substances and HFCs, mixtures containing these, as well as products and equipment. Following the release of a revised and improved iPIC platform by the UNEP OzonAction Programme, there has been a revived interest in the platform and a steep uptake in its usage. To provide countries with more information on the revamped iPIC platform and demonstrate its functionality, OzonAction carried a series of regional webinars on the issue. Read more...

Related stories

• Commemorating World Ozone Day, 16 September 2020
• National Ozone Unit Contacts
• Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

Multilateral Environmental Agreements in ACP Countries - Phase III (ACP-MEAs III)

The ACP MEAs Programme starts Phase III with an added scope

The ACP-MEAs programme builds the capacity of 79 countries in Africa, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) to help them fulfill their obligations as parties to the MEAs, which are legally binding commitments to tackle environmental issues. UNEP has just rolled out the third phase of the programme (ACP MEAs III), which builds on the achievements and lessons learnt of the previous phases, ACP MEAS I and ACP MEAS II. The third phase further aims to enhance the mainstreaming and implementation of biodiversity related MEAs, chemicals and waste; enhance oceans governance, and; the mainstreaming of biodiversity in agriculture, with a focus on enforcement and compliance. Read more...

Biodiversity and wildlife

Statement of the Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity on the occasion of World Food Day

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations designated 16 October as the World Food Day in 1979. The World Food Day promotes global awareness and action for those who suffer from hunger and for the need to ensure healthy diets for all. As countries begin to develop and implement COVID-19 recovery plans, there is an opportunity to adopt innovative solutions based on scientific evidence so they can build back better and improve food systems, making them more resistant to shocks. This year's theme for the World Food Day was “Grow, nourish, sustain. Together”. To commemorate the day, Ms. Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, the Executive Secretary of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, urged countries to consider redesigning agricultural systems through agro-ecological and other innovative approaches to enhance productivity while minimizing negative impacts on biodiversity. Read more...

UNEP and CITES discuss the challenges faced by Parties in adopting adequate national legislation and implementing the Convention

On 21 July 2020, the CITES Secretariat and UNEP organized an online meeting on CITES national legislation for selected CITES Parties in West Asia, with the objective to give updates on their legislative processes, and share their experiences and best practices in developing national legislation and implementing the CITES Convention at the national level. The meeting brought together representatives of the CITES Management Authorities of the Kingdom of Bahrain, the Republic of Iraq, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, the State of Kuwait, the Sultanate of Oman and the Syrian Arab Republic. Read more...

African Elephant Fund

Improving law enforcement and reducing elephant poaching in Nigeria

Covering 3,000 km2, Oban is an important site for forest elephant conservation in Nigeria; yet, for many years, the site has been neglected and poorly protected, leaving hunting activities largely uncontrolled. To mitigate the threats currently facing elephants in the Oban Division of Cross River National Park (CRNP), the Federal Ministry of the Environment of Nigeria, in collaboration with the Wildlife Conservation Society, and UNEP's African Elephant Fund, are implementing a project to improve law enforcement and reduce elephant poaching in the area through the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART). The tool will improve the protection of elephants in Oban by increasing the number, coverage, and effectiveness of anti-poaching patrols. Read more...

Improving knowledge about human-elephant conflicts in Côte d’Ivoire

In Côte d’Ivoire, the cases of elephants present in plantations and nearby villages in the country are increasingly recurring, resulting in destruction of crops as well as human-wildlife attacks. To mitigate these challenges and threats, Ministère des eaux et forêts, Côte d’Ivoire, in collaboration with UNEP's African Elephant Fund, collared elephants to help with monitoring their movement and ensure that they do not move to human plantations. Forest officers were also trained on how to use the Geographical Information System (GIS) to monitor the elephant movement. Read more...

Related stories

• The African Elephant Fund call for COVID 19 Project Proposals

Policy and waste management

Policy and legislation on waste management linked to COVID-19 and pandemics

The impact of COVID-19 is transforming the way we live. While national and local interventions are largely focused on protecting lives and economies, management of hazardous waste is also essential to minimize long-term risks to human and environmental health. Under the framework of the UNEP COVID-19 strategic response, a factsheet has been developed on policy and legislation on waste management linked to COVID-19 and pandemics, to help countries have a stable legal and institutional basis to better respond to future waste emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and to clarify measures to be taken. Read more...

UNEP helps to manage chemical waste in Africa, Caribbean, and Pacific

Chemicals constitute an integral part of modern society with an estimated 100,000 different substances in use today. The food we eat, the electronic devices we use, the medicines we take – all are made possible by the judicious use of chemicals. To achieve a safe chemical and waste future for the Africa and Asia-Pacific regions, UNEP supported the organization of the third meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Bamako Convention, focusing on the management of hazardous waste in Africa, in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. The countries shared expertise and best practices on how to minimize the impact of harmful substances and hazardous waste on the environment and human health. Read more...

Boosting the fight against illegal trade and management of waste

UNEP provides leadership, partnership, and supports capacity building activities to the WasteForce initiative, which aims to boost the operational activities and capacities of authorities involved in the fight against illegal trade and management of waste. To support the initiative, UNEP developed information materials to provide beneficiaries with hands-on up-to-date instruments, including strategic information sharing tools and methodologies, to facilitate their everyday work in detecting illegal trade and management of waste. The materials can be found in the links below:

• Best practices of repatriation of illegal waste shipments from Asia to Europe;
• Underused information exchange mechanisms in case of dealing with illegal waste shipments, and;
• Assessment of information exchange mechanisms used in cases of illegal shipments of waste.

UNEP supports the relaunching of the East African Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement

The East African Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement (EANECE) is a common dialogue and action platform that aims to foster sustainable development in East Africa through better implementation, compliance with and enforcement of environmental laws and policies. With support from UNEP, and following a series of consultative activities and stakeholder engagements, EANECE has relaunched its programme and developed a new strategic plan for the period 2020-2025, which will guide its coherent implementation across the network. EANECE has also re-branded and launched a new website.

Guidance material on prosecuting waste crimes under the WasteForce project

UNEP collaborated with the United National University (UNU) to produce a guidance material on Waste Crime Prosecution, to boost the operational activities and capacities of authorities involved in the fight against illegal trade and management of waste. The material was developed under the WasteForce project, on ‘Deterring and disrupting illegal trade and management of Waste by developing Tools for Enforcement, Forensics and Capacity Building’. Read more...