The Romans

The Roman Empire was constantly expanding. The Romans pensamiento they could just come to Spain and take it over. The Roman Empire didn't pensar and exhausted all of their resources.

The Germanic Visigoths

The germanic visigoths were very barbaric people. For a short period of time the visigoths conquistada a lot of land including Spain.

The Moors

Arabs, Berbers, and Syrians from North Africa invaded the peninsula in 711 A.D.

They are being religiously persecuted so Spain is being used as an escape place.

The Moors easily derrota the Visigoth Kingdoms and conquer nearly all of the peninsula.

Córdoba

Was the largest city in Western Europe in the 10th Century.

It was the one of the wealthiest and most cultured countries during the 10th Century.

La Mezquita (largest mosque outside Muslim countries).

La Reconquista

There was continual fight between Christian kingdoms in the north of the peninsula and Muslims, who revisado the south of the peninsula.

Santiago is known as the patron saint of Spain and his famous words are “Matamoros” which means death of the moors.

Toledo city of Tolerance

Jews, Christians, and Muslims were all in Toledo City. The influence of all 3 religions are still evident today.

There are many synagogues, churches cathedral, and Arab style architecture.

1492

The Moors dividido into many small kingdoms. The Last Moorish king, in Granada, was defeated in January of 1492.

REYES Catolicos

Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castilla got casado in 1469.

As king and queen they unido Christian kingdoms against the Moors. They solidificado their power through religion and in military success.

They terminado the Reconquista by defeating the Moors in Granada in 1492.

The Spanish Inquisition

In 1492 the last Moorish king was defeated. Therefore all the Muslims remaining in Spain were forzado to leave or convert to Christianity.

In 1502, it was decided that all Jews need to salir Spain or convert to Christianity. This law was in place because of the success from the Muslims.

Converting the Muslims and Jews wasn't pretty. They torturado people until they confessed or converted or they poner them on trial and later executed them!

Juana and Felipe

Juana is the daughter of Fernando and Isabel. Juana marries Felipe of the powerful Habsburg family. Juana is known as “la Loca”.

Legend has it that when Felipe murió, she llevado his coffin through the streets of Granada, often stopping to beso the corpse of the dead king.

Carlos I and V

Carlos I was the son of Juana and Felipe. Under his rule, the Spanish Empire grew rapidly. Gold, silver, corn, potatoes, and fruits flooded into Spain from Americans.

Carlos V usado the funds that were pouring in from the colonies to subsidize the many religious wars he was fighting across Europe.

Spain under Carlos V became one of the strongest defenders of Catholicism, as it luchado to stop the spread of the Protestant reformation across Europe.

Felipe II

There was continued wars against Protestants. In 1554, he married Mary Tudor of England in an attempt to create an international Catholic alliance. A male heir from this marriage would have become King of England, however, there was no son and the protestant, Elizabeth I came to power in England.

Annexed Portugal, Dutch declared independence from Spain, this starts war involving England. In 1588 Spain’s Invincible Armada was defeated by England.

Habsburg Kings

Felipe II is succeeded by his son, who's named Felipe III (1598-1621). Felipe III dies and his son takes the throne. His son Felipe IV reigns from 1621-1665.

Felipe IV reina over one of the richest cultural periods in Spanish history (the Siglo de Oro) named the century of gold. Felipe IV’s son, Carlos II is known as “El Hechizado” (“the Bewitched”). He died in 1700, leaving no heir to ascend to the throne of Spain.

War!

War of Spanish Successor pitted royal families and their nations against each other to see who would regla Spain. The War ends in 1713, with Spain perdiendo Gibraltar to the English.

Felipe V, the Bourbon grandson of Louis XIV, becomes King of Spain. The Bourbon family remains the royal family of Spain today.

The Bourbons

Competent rulers, but more concerned with life at court. Their efforts to convert Spain into a modern state was based in the Neoclassical ideas of the enlightenment.

War!!

Rebellion of May 2, 1808 in Madrid begins War of Spanish Independence. Joseph Bonaparte was removed from the throne of Spain in 1812.

During the upheaval, most of the colonies in America ganado independence. The constitution of 1812 establishes a parliamentary monarchy.

Fernando VII

He is the son of Carlos IV, returns from exile in France to rule after defeat of Napoleon’s troops. Totalitarian rule, constantly at odds with liberals who wanted to expand on Constitution of 1812. Died in 1833, leaving only a daughter, Isabel.

The Bourbons

The country is divided on having a woman ruler. Supporters of Fernando’s brother, Carlos face off against more liberal supporters of Isabel in several “Guerras Carlistas.” Isabel reigns until 1868.

Isabel rules through political turmoil, with the Carlists continually opposing her authority. The Glorious Revolution removes Isabel II from power in 1868.

A short lived experiment places King Amadeo of Saboya, an Italian, on the throne from 1870-1873. The first Spanish Republic is proclaimed in 1873. It ends in 1874.

Alfonso XIII

The Bourbons return to the throne with the reign of Alfonso XII from 1875- 1885, followed by his son Alfonso XIII from 1902- 1931. Alfonso XIII was born in 1885 (shortly after his father’s death). His mother oversaw the government as his regent in the interim.

In typical Bourbon fashion, Spain quickly begins a downslide, marked by the loss of it last remaining colonies in 1898 and embarrassing military defeats in Morocco. Unable to put a stop to the political tension and low morale of the country. Alfonso XIII allows a military general to establish a dictatorship from 1923-1931.

The dictatorship is unable to solve the problems of the country. In 1931, elections are held to determine if Spain should continue a monarchy or give democracy another try

2nd Republic of Spain

The Second Republic of Spain is established in 1931, ushering in an era of hope and optimism. They set up a new, progressive constitution, which gives women the right to vote, allows divorce, separates the Church from the State, and creates public schools

The new government creates an even deeper political and social divide. The military, the Church and the upper classes think there are too many changes going on. Socialists and Communist factions think there are not enough changes and want more change, faster.

Civil war!!

General Francisco Franco stages a military revolt in 1936, beginning the Civil War. Franco’s fascist troops are aided by forces from Germany and Italy.

Republican forces get very little help. War ends in 1939, with Franco’s Nationalist forces winning.

Francisco Franco

He was a fascist dictator of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. Idealized “glory years” of Spain under Carlos V and Felipe II. Had gender roles, religion, regionalism banned, censorship. Exile of artists, intellectuals, scientists.

Democracia

In 1978, Suarez is elected in the first elections held in Spain since 1936. In 80’s Felipe Gonzalez leads Spain out of isolation, joining NATO and the EU. Jose Maria Aznar increases Spain’s influence in the world, with a growing economy and a strong alliance with the USA.

Current Spain

On March 11, 2004, Islamic fundamentalist terrorists place bombs on several commuter trains in Madrid, killing nearly 200 and injuring over 2000.

2 days after the attack, elections proclaim Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero the new Prime Minister of Spain. His first action, as promised, was to withdraw Spanish troops from the US war with Iraq. He won re-election in 2008.

There is a royal family now in Spain, but all government decisions are handled by Parliament and the President of the Government.