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Robots Against Invasive Species Boston's HubWeek Highlights How Robotics Can Aid in Conservation Efforts

BOSTON—Venomous and a voracious breeder without any natural predators, the Red Lionfish is known as the most problematic invasive species in the Atlantic. HUBweek 2018's third "Lunch for Robots" event, "Darwin's Nightmare and the Battle for the Atlantic", highlighted a solution that may help scientists combat this growing environmental concern.

Massachusetts based non-profit, Robots in Service of the Environment (RSE), has developed a series of robots that have the ability to stun and catch up to 10 Lionfish per expedition.

Introduced by Adam Cantor, the Vice President of Engineering and Chief Roboticist at RSE, the RSE Guardian LFI Mark 3 is a robot specifically designed to safely capture the Red Lionfish without harming the coral reefs or other fish inhabiting the area.

Historically, the only way to cull Lionfish has been through spearfishing. The process is taxing, and divers are limited in how many Lionfish they can physically carry and in air supply. But the RSE Guardian LFI robots are capable so far of catching up to 10 fish in one trip and of reaching depths of up to 300ft. While there have been only two specific hunting missions completed so far, Cantor has hope that these robots could offer scientists, fishermen and subtropical communities a new way to protect their coastal reefs from this invasive species.

The robots use electrofishing panels, which are non-contact and low power, to stun the Lionfish. After, a capture system essentially sucks the fish into the main body of the robot. The Mark-3 uses a six-degree of freedom navigation system and has a surface tether device in place in case of a system failure. Cantor told the audience that he wanted to design the robot so that it can be operated by anyway, so in lieu of complicated controls, it uses a regular game controller.

Red Lionfish were introduced into the Atlantic Ocean through the exotic pet trade. But their ecological adaptations, such as venomous spines and the ability to spawn nearly 1 million eggs in a single breeding year, makes them a difficult problem to grapple with.
Cantor shows the audience a preliminary model for the next robot in the RSE Guardian LFI series, the Mark 4.

Robots are notoriously expensive, but by using a three-pronged approach, the volunteer-driven RSE hopes to create change in coastal communities around the Atlantic.

Easy to use hardware, a holistic solution to catching the fish, and STEM outreach in communities are the hallmarks of RSE's goals to implement the technology. Cantor hopes that by partnering with different organizations and by offering robots for sale commercially at relatively inexpensive prices, there may be a solution to lowering the numbers of this invasive species after all.

"We don't think we can eradicate the species, but we do think that with one robot everyday...you can really make a difference."
Top: Cantor said that the RSE staff used the ugliest model of a fish that they could find for their preliminary tests. Left: The RSE Guardian LFI-Mark 2 about to stun a lionfish using its paddles. Right: It's a dramatic event title, but environmentalists fear what would happen if the Red Lionfish crossed through the Panama Canal into the Pacific Ocean.

RSE is still a relatively new organization, but Cantor told event guests that they have high hopes for the future of their robots.

"Autonomy will come, but we first want to make sure we get [the robots] out there and doing good."

All photos by Sarah Rappaport unless otherwise noted. Video courtesy of RSE

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