- Qing Empire faced many challenges, 2 Opium wars resulting in the loss of Hong Kong
- Lost the Sino-Japanese war
- Forced to relinquish lots of their territory ending their rule over Korea
- Became apparent that the Qing Dynasty was not successful
- Attempted a limited decentralization
- 1905: The Qing court decides to send two missions abroad to study foreign political systems, suggesting that it is considering political and constitutional reform
- Imperial examinations are abolished, part of the late-Qing reforms
- 1906: Under pressure from the provinces, the Qing government agrees to consider constitutional reform
- revolt breaks out amongst the troops in Wuchang
- Agreement of power signed 4/5/1911
- 1911:
- Prince Qing replaced
- Nineteen Articles passed (moved from autocratic to constitutional)
- Yuan Shikai reaches out to try to save the Dynasty
- 14 provinces have declared independence from the Qing Dynasty
- 1912:
- Yuan Shikai agrees to provide the republic with military support against the Qing
- Sun Yixian resigns from the presidency in favour of Yuan Shikai
- Yuan Shikai is inaugurated as president
- 1913
- Sun Yixian launches a ‘second revolution’, an attempt to remove Yuan Shikai from the presidency
- Sun Yixian’s revolution attempt fails and he is forced into exile
- Yuan Shikai dissolves the National Assembly and implements a self-appointed cabinet. Provincial governors are replaced with military governors
- 1915
- A national assembly, largely handpicked by Yuan Shikai, recommends the restoration of the monarchy with Yuan at its head
- Yuan Shikai proclaims himself Emperor of China
- Provincial uprisings erupt in response to Yuan Shikai’s declaration that he intends to restore the monarchy
- Chinese communist party is founded 1921, they invade china
- led to The United States suspending ties to china
- there was almost no contact to other countries until 1970
- ”Chinese White Paper” was published, it descrived the US policy toward china
- 1958~”the Great Leap forward”: was Mao’s attempt to modernize china so that they could rival the united states
- 1959~”china’s great famine”: killed more than 12,000 people
- 1966~ mao pushed for a cultural revolution in order to gain back his authority in chinese government
- Reform movements made improvements in the standards of living
- Artists were encouraged to be more critical, to move toward more pragmatic outlooks
- China never really returned back to it's "normal state" because before the revolution it was ruled under a dynasty but after the revolution(s) were over, China never went back to the dynasty but is now under a communist government
Credits:
Created with images by ralphrepo - "Yen's Soldiers, Militarism In China, Here Are Specimens Of The Soldiery Who Protect The People By Dominating Them, Who Protect Property By Looting It, Liao Chow, Shansi, China [c1925] IE Oberholtzer (probable) [RESTORED]" • Boston Public Library - "Double trouble for the Boxers, East Asiatic German Infantry, Chinese War, China." • Boston Public Library - "A company of the Czar's infantry in Manchuria, China"