- genetics is the study of traits begin passed down to offspring
- Alleles combination of two genes make up a whole allele
- Alleles combination of the mom and dad’s DNA
Genes
- A dominant gene gives the gene it's trait, making a recessive gene a gene that can be passed down, and maybe become a dominant trait, but does not give a person that certain trait.
- Punnett Square shows the genotypes and phenotypes
- Homozygous traits are represented by capital letters(BB) or (bb)and the same two letters and heterozygous traits are represented by the lower case letters and a upper case letter(Bb).
- Incomplete dominance is a blended phenotype
Homozygous and Heterozygous traits
Chromosomes
- Sex chromosomes is the 23rd chromosomes and it determines whether you are male or female. The XX results in an female and an XY results in a male.
- Autosomes are the chromosomes that determine everything but gender. So it's one through 22.
- Carrier is an organism that has neither a disease or a disorder but both of them are just passed on.
- Sex-linked traits is traits that is only passed onto the X and Y chromosome
Sex-link Traits
Blood Typing
- This chart represents the blood types of the whole American population and the spaces between the letters are capital I’s and lower case i’s
- The Rhesus factor is the positive and the negative of each blood type
- Karyotype is the appearance of an organized chromosome in a person.
- Karyotypes are constructed based on the fetal DNA.
A Pedigree
- A pedigree is a chart that can track down the inheritance patterns through the generations of your family. In a pedigree chart a male would represent the squares and the circles would represent the women. People who possessed the trait has a filled in square or circle and people who do not possess the trait has a blank square or circle. For example let’s pretend that we are tracing people with brown hair, so the ones who has a filled in circle or square has brown hair.
Credits:
Created with images by quapan - "Human gametes: ovum & spermatozoon. Approximately 50% of the floating sperms contain the y-chromosome (--> fertilization leads to a male ♂ child), the other 50% encompass the x-chromosome (--> conception pruduces a female ♀ child)"