新闻来源：Nikkei Asia《日经亚洲新闻》| 作者：Tetsushi Takahashi 高桥哲史| 发布时间：February 1, 2021 /2021年2月1日
翻译/简评：helloworld |校对：X-Wing飞得更高 |审核：万人往 |Page：小雨
简评：
这篇文章写出了对中共国持绥靖想法的人士，他们的认识、焦虑和期待。一月六日的国会山事件，几乎已宣告美国无力阻止中共国的专制暴政。而病毒的处置，也让中共国挣得巨大的政治资本。而在他们看来，习近平和王岐山，象征着中共国的官方体制，“社会主义、市场经济”。在中共开改革倒车的今天，他们观望着王岐山和其主导的“既得利益”派，为了保护利益，阻止习近平主导的政策转向。而在王岐山式微、身边亲信纷纷落马的今天，中共国的市场经济伪装也将彻底褪去。
中共国打着所谓的中国特色社会主义市场经济，利用着钟摆效应，利用着红白脸谱，也利用着各国政客的软弱，通过释放冠状病毒，对各国民意施压。各国经济界绥靖人士，还期盼着在王岐山副主席等人的努力下，中共国能够重新走向“韬光养晦”的道路，重新变得内敛。但在中共国“纪委”等部门权力已被习近平独揽的今天，这只能是一种幻想。这些习近平和王岐山昔日的“好友”的面前，只有两条路，一条是臣服于中共的淫威之下，任其宰割，无力回天。另一条是与爆料革命合作，暗中努力，“借力打力”，将钟摆效应、红白脸谱等战术还施其人，从而破除其迷魂之术，让其露出獠牙，然后用利益凝聚，内外合击，真正将中共瓦解。
病毒已对全世界造成了惨重的伤亡和损失。中共正在经济和意识形态上不断地攻城略地，这也为世界敲响了最后的警钟。相信每一个决策者都能感受到来自中共的威胁。而爆料革命凝结了党内的正义人士，用准确迅速的情报揭开了中共的神秘，给予了美国和世界以及中共国人民一个向中共发起反击的机会、策略和方向。而当所有的幻想，如病毒溯源、政策回转等全部被打破之时，处于绝境之中的世界各国终将联合一致，在爆料革命的努力推动下，对中共发起最为猛烈的反击。
原文翻译：
Wang Qishan and the 'red central bank'
王岐山和“红色央行”
Nikkei's China bureau chief offers snapshots of politics amid the pandemic
疫情中的政治快照。（日经新闻中国分社社长供稿）
TETSUSHI TAKAHASHI, Nikkei China bureau chief
高桥哲史，日本经济新闻社中国分社社长
January 4, 2021 17:03 JST Updated on February 1, 2021 17:38 JST
创建于（日本标准时间）20201年1月4日17时03分，更新于2021年2月1日17时38分
China is locked in a heated diplomatic confrontation with the U.S. -- one that may not end with the arrival of a new White House occupant. At home, President Xi Jinping continues to strengthen his grip on power. All the while, the world is struggling to stop the coronavirus pandemic that started on Chinese soil. Nikkei's bureau chief in China, Tetsushi Takahashi, is following these world-shaping stories from the heart of Beijing.
中共国正陷入与美国的激烈外交对抗之中。这种对抗可能不会随着白宫新主人的到来而结束。在国内，习近平主席正继续加强着对权力的控制。一直以来，全世界都在努力阻止起始于中共国地区的冠状病毒大流行。日经新闻社中国分社社长高桥哲史正在位于北京的核心圈关注着这些影响世界的故事。
Monday, Feb. 1
2月1日，星期一
Feb. 1 is the birthday of China's "red central bank." Eighty-nine years ago today, the Chinese Soviet Republic National Bank, the predecessor of the People's Bank of China, was founded in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province.
2月1日是中共国“红色央行”的生日。89年前的今天，中国人民银行的前身中华苏维埃共和国国家银行在江西瑞金成立。
The bank was set up three months after Mao Zedong, father of Communist China, declared the foundation of a "state" dominated by farmers in November 1931. Mao probably thought that his new state, the Chinese Soviet Republic, would need a currency.
1931年11月，共产中国之父毛泽东宣布建立了一个以农民为主体的“国家”，三个月后，该银行成立。毛泽东可能认为，他的新国家——中华苏维埃共和国，需要一种货币。
As soon as the provisional government began to move, Mao ordered the establishment of a central bank in charge of issuing currency. Mao Zemin, a younger brother of Mao Zedong, became the bank's first governor. The Chinese Soviet Republic National Bank, which initially had only five employees, began issuing its own currency, which later led to the renminbi.
当临时政府开始运作时，毛泽东随即下令建立一个负责发行货币的中央银行。毛泽东的弟弟毛泽民成为了该行的首任行长。中华苏维埃共和国国家银行成立之初只有5名员工，而其自己发行的货币，便成为了后来的人民币。
The bank's growing expertise in managing the currency was a factor in the Chinese Communist Party's eventual victory over the Nationalist Party in China's civil war.
该银行货币管理专业性的日益增强，也是中国共产党最终在内战中战胜国民党的因素之一。
The Nationalist Party printed an excess of bank notes during the civil war that broke out in 1946, causing runaway inflation in urban areas. Meanwhile, the Communist Party, whose stronghold was in the countryside, managed to keep prices stable by creating its own currency zone. Hyperinflation inevitably eroded public support for the nationalists while its communist rivals grew stronger.
在1946年内战爆发期间，国民党印制了太多的钞票，导致城市地区通胀失控。而在同时，据点位于农村的共产党，通过建立自己的货币区域，保持了价格稳定。恶性通胀不可避免地侵蚀了公众对民族主义者的支持，而其对手共产主义的势力则变得愈发强大。
The Communist Party, which by December 1948, was confident it would prevail in the civil war, formally established its own central bank, the People's Bank of China, in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, roughly 300 km south of Beijing. The renminbi, the unified national currency that the communists began to issue immediately before their forces entered Beijing, underscored their new status as China's ruling party.
1948年12月时，中国共产党已确信其将取得内战胜利，于是在北京以南300公里的河北省石家庄市正式建立了自己的中央银行：中国人民银行。共产党发行统一货币——人民币后，其部队随即进入了北京市，这凸显了其作为中共国执政党的新地位。
After the People's Republic was founded in 1949, the People's Bank of China became a low-profile entity under the centrally planned economy. It was not until the 1990s that the central bank again entered the spotlight as the country's economic control center.
1949年中共国成立后，中国人民银行成为了中央计划经济体制下的低调实体。直到1990年代，人民银行才再次进入人们的视线，成为国家的经济控制中心。
In 1993, when a serious bout of inflation threatened the livelihoods of ordinary people, China's then- premier, Zhu Rongji, replaced the central bank's governor, taking over the job himself. He then began tightening the money supply. Zhu tapped Wang Qishan, now China's vice president, to serve as the vice governor of the People's Bank of China.
1993年，当严重通胀威胁到老百姓的生活时，中共国时任总理朱镕基撤换了央行行长，并亲自接任了工作。随后，他开始收紧货币供应。朱镕基邀请现任中共国副主席王岐山出任中国人民银行副行长。
Wang is a longtime ally of President Xi Jinping, who doubles as general secretary of the Communist Party. He wields enormous influence in financial circles based on his previous position.
王岐山是国家主席兼中共总书记习近平的长期盟友。由于其先前职位，他在金融界有着巨大的影响力。
But the situation around Wang seems to have changed recently. Since last year, a number of people close to him have faced allegations of corruption, including Ren Zhiqiang, a prominent entrepreneur who is said to have been a friend of Wang since the two were in junior high. HNA Group, a conglomerate led by Chen Feng, who has also been friendly with Wang, announced last weekend that creditors had asked a court for a bankruptcy restructuring of the company.
但最近，王岐山身边的情况似乎已发生变化。自去年以来，与他关系密切的许多人都面临腐败指控，其中包括据称从初中以来一直为其好友的、著名企业家任志强。而由陈峰领导的海航集团也在上周宣布，债权人已向法院请求对公司进行破产重组。
Wang took part in a video dialogue with U.S. business leaders on Jan. 29 and called for better U.S.-China relations. "The key to promoting a healthy and stable development of bilateral relations is to champion the spirit of non-conflict, non-confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation, to focus on cooperation and manage differences," he said.
1月29日，王岐山参加了与美国商业领袖的视频对话，并呼吁改善美中关系。他说：“秉持不冲突、不对抗、相互尊重、合作共赢的精神，聚焦合作、管控分歧，是推动中美关系健康稳定发展的关键。”
Wang has strong personal connections with the U.S. financial world. His profile has risen of late, amid growing hopes for improved U.S.-China ties with the inauguration of President Joe Biden.
王岐山还与美国金融界有着密切的个人联系。随着拜登总统就职，对于美中关系改善的期望越来越高，其个人形象也在最近有所提升。
It is unclear whether there political forces within the Communist Party that are unhappy with Wang's growing presence. But one thing has not changed since Mao Zedong's day: Whoever controls the "red central bank" controls China.
目前尚不清楚共产党内部是否有政治势力对王岐山的日益壮大感到不满。但是，自毛泽东时代以来，有一点未曾改变：谁控制了“红色央行”，谁就控制了中国。
Friday, Jan. 29: COVID tested with no place to go: A slice of life in China's capital
1月29日星期五：做了新冠肺炎的检测，并且无处可去：位于中共国首都的生活片段
I received my first PCR test at a hospital near my home in Beijing. On Wednesday, the day before I was to travel to Tianjin for reporting, the hotel I had booked informed me that I would only be allowed to stay if I could show a negative COVID-19 test result.
我在北京住地附近的一家医院接受了首次PCR核酸检测（检测病毒片段的一种技术）。在周三，也就是我前往天津进行报告的前一天，我预定的酒店告诉我，只有当我新冠肺炎检测结果呈阴性时，我才可以入住。
I rushed to the hospital in a panic. My turn came after a roughly 10-minute wait. The technician shoved a stick with the reagent into my nostril. It was a little painful, but it was quick. The procedure cost 120 yuan ($19).
我慌忙赶往医院。在等待10分钟后，我接受了检测。技术员将带有试剂的棍子塞进了我的鼻孔。虽然有点痛，但这很快就结束了。整个过程花费了120元（19美元）。
Then another surprise came. Beijing's municipal authorities announced that everyone traveling to the city from Thursday would have to get a PCR test at their point of departure.
另一个意外随之而来。北京市政当局宣布，从周四开始，前往该市的所有人都必须在出发地进行PCR检测。
In other words, even if I went to Tianjin with a negative certificate obtained in Beijing, I would not be able to come back without getting another test there.
换句话说，即使我拿着在北京获得的阴性证明去天津，如果不在那里再做一次检测，我就无法回来。
That was not all. After returning to Beijing, I would be required to undergo "health observation" for two weeks. During that time I would have to be tested each week, and I would be prohibited from attending dinners or other gatherings. Weighing all the risks, I called off my visit to Tianjin.
这还不是全部。回到北京后，我将被要求接受两周的“健康观察”。在此期间，我每周都需要接受检测，并且被禁止参加晚宴或其他聚会。权衡各种风险，我取消了天津之行。
The strict measures will be in effect in Beijing until March 15. The authorities, in effect, are telling residents not to leave the city -- and everyone else to stay away -- until the end of the National People's Congress, which begins March 5.
北京的这些严格措施将一直持续到3月15日。这实际上等于告诉居民，直到3月5日开始的全国人民代表大会结束之前，不得进出城市。
The rules will also discourage travel over the Lunar New Year, which falls on Feb. 12.
该规则还劝阻了2月12日的农历新年期间的出行。
The Lunar New Year is the most important holiday in China. The 40 days before and after are known as the chunyun travel season, when huge numbers of people return to their hometowns to spend time with their families. In previous years, a total of 3 billion trips were made. But this year, the threat of the coronavirus still looms: The Ministry of Transport predicted the number of trips would be less than half, at 1.152 billion.
农历新年是中国最重要的节日。其前后40天被称为春运季，期间，大量的人回到家乡与家人共度时光。往年的这时，旅客发送量将达到约30亿人次。但在今年，冠状病毒的威胁依然存在。交通部预测，出新次数将会在11.52亿人次左右，少于以往的一半。
On Thursday, the first day of chunyun, I went to the Beijing West Railway Station, where trains connecting the capital with other major cities in the region arrive and depart. The usual crowds of people lugging heavy baggage were nowhere to be seen. Instead, the presence of armed police stood out.
星期四，春运的第一天，我去了北京西客站。这里，出发和到达的火车，连接着首都和其他主要城市。这里，往常拖着沉重行李的人群已无影无踪，相反，武装警察的身影格外醒目。
Then I went to see what Tiananmen Square looked like. There were hardly any tourists there -- little wonder, considering how difficult it had become to enter the city.
然后，我去看了一眼天安门广场。那里几乎没有什么游客。考虑到进入城市是多么困难，这也并不奇怪。
At most, only a few new infections turn up each day in Beijing. Nevertheless, a virtual lockdown has been imposed to protect the capital from the virus, just as the core of the Communist Party is about to gather.
在北京，每天最多仅有几例新的感染。然而，为了在共产党的核心人物聚集之时保护首都不受病毒侵害，北京已实施了等效于封城的保护措施。
In any case, I received the result of my PCR test through the government-designated health management app on my phone: "Negative."
无论何种情况，我在手机上，通过政府指定的健康管理应用小程序，收到了我的PCR测试结果：“阴性”。
I was unable to make it to Tianjin, just 30 minutes away by high-speed train. But it was a relief to feel that I'd earned the right to stay in this special political city.
我未能赶到天津，其距离北京仅30分钟的高铁路程。但我感到欣慰的是，我获得了留在这个特殊政治城市的权利。
Monday, Jan. 25: Confucius Institute HQ gets makeover in a sign of the times
1月25日星期一：孔子学院总部改头换面，标志着时代的结束
Beijing is changing rapidly, I thought as I drove past the Gate of Virtuous Triumph in the northern part of the city on the weekend. At the intersection, I noticed that a sign on a building -- "Confucius Institute Headquarters" -- was missing.
北京正在迅速变化。周末我开车经过城北凯旋门时，产生了如此的想法。在十字路口，我注意到，一栋建筑原先标牌——“孔子学院总部”，不见了。
I'm sure it was there the last time I passed by in October. Instead, I saw a sign with the Chinese character for "language" along with the letters "CLEC."
我很清楚记得，在我上次于十月路过这里的时候，这个标牌还竖立着。而我现在看到，取而代之的，是一个“语”字标志，以及“CLEC”字样。
I got out of my car and asked a security guard standing in front of the building when the sign was replaced. "Just recently," the guard replied. "I think it was less than a month ago."
我下了车，问站在楼前的一个保安，什么时候换的标牌。“最近才换的，”保安回答，“应该是不到一个月前吧。”
At the entrance, there was also a new sign reading "Center for Language Education and Cooperation." I could still make out the faint "Confucius Institute Headquarters" on the glass.
入口处还有一个新的标牌，上面写着“教育部中外语言教育合作中心”。我仍然可以在玻璃上辨认出模糊的“孔子学院总部”字样。
The government in November 2004 established Confucius Institutes to promote the Chinese language and culture abroad. The institutes spread to more than 160 countries and territories worldwide.
2004年11月，中共国政府成立了孔子学院，以便在海外推广中国语言和文化。这些学院遍布全球160多个国家和地区。
Last October, then U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo accused the Confucius Institutes of being propaganda organs of the Chinese Communist Party, and said all locations in the U.S. would be closed by the end of the year.
去年十月，时任美国国务卿迈克•蓬佩奥(Mike Pompeo)指责孔子学院是中共的宣传机关，并表示，将于年底前关闭其在美国的所有地点。
But why did the sign disappear from the Beijing headquarters? Did the government decide to abolish the program after the Donald Trump administration's criticism?
但为什么其北京总部的招牌消失了？在收到唐纳德•川普政府的指责之后，政府是否决定取消了该计划？
Of course not. According to the institutes' website, the program was previously supervised by the Ministry of Education, but has been operated by the Chinese International Education Foundation since last July. The foundation is described as a nonprofit charitable entity initiated by 27 universities, enterprises and social organizations.
当然不是。根据机构的网站，该项目此前由教育部监管，但从去年7月开始，转由中共国国际教育基金会运营。据介绍，该基金会是由27所高校、企业和社会组织发起的非营利性慈善实体。
Around the same time, the Ministry of Education established the CLEC to help promote Chinese language studies overseas. The structure is confusing, but it seems like the Confucius Institutes are now a private organization independent from the government.
大约在同一时间，教育部成立了CLEC，帮助在海外推广汉语学习。这种结构令人困惑，但乍看之下，现在的孔子学院似乎已成为了独立于政府的民间组织。
The change appears intended to fend off criticism from the U.S. The sign seems to have been removed ahead of U.S. President Joe Biden's inauguration, just in case the new administration were to raise the issue.
这一改变似乎是为了抵御来自美国的批评，这个标牌似乎赶在美国总统拜登就职典礼之前被人移除，以防新政府重提此事。
After stopping at what had been the Confucius Institute Headquarters, I climbed the Gate of Virtuous Triumph, just to the south. It is a sturdy gate built during the Ming dynasty in the 15th century. The imperial military would march out of Beijing through the gate to take on external enemies.
在“前”孔子学院总部停留之后，我攀登了城南的凯旋门。这是一座建于15世纪明朝时期的坚固城门。帝国的军队会从这扇门行军出京，对付外敌。
The name of the gate was derived from the old Chinese saying "triumph of virtue." Is China living up to that, when it comes to rough behavior in the South China Sea and toward Taiwan?
门的名字来源于中国的古语“德胜”。在南中国海和对台湾的粗暴行为上，中共国是否做到了这一点？
When I looked down from the gate, I noticed that the adjacent park had been turned into a temporary coronavirus testing site.
当从大门口往下看时，我注意到，旁边的公园已经变成了临时的冠状病毒测试场所。
The immediate enemy of President Xi Jinping's government is COVID-19. Authorities conduct polymerase chain reaction tests for all residents of areas where new infections were found, to prevent the virus from invading the capital. Makeshift testing sites have popped up across the city.
当下，习近平主席政府的直接敌人是新冠肺炎。对发现新感染地区，当局将对区域内所有居民进行聚合酶链反应测试，以防止病毒入侵首都。临时的测试站点现已遍布整个城市。
Indeed, Beijing is changing rapidly.
的确，北京正在迅速变化。
Friday, Jan. 22: Xi charges toward Beijing Olympics as Tokyo flame flickers
1月22日星期五：随着东京圣火摇曳，习近平向北京奥运发起冲刺
As new U.S. President Joe Biden's inauguration dominated the global headlines, China's media devoted extensive coverage to a different topic this week: President Xi Jinping's inspection tour of Beijing and neighboring Hebei Province.
在美国新任总统乔•拜登的就职典礼占据全球头条的同时，中共国媒体本周用大量篇幅报道了另一个话题：习近平主席对北京及周边河北省的视察。
Xi's first stop on Monday morning was the Capital Gymnasium in city's northwestern Haidian district. It is one of the venues for the Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics, scheduled to open on Feb. 4, 2022.
习近平周一上午的第一站是位于城市西北部海淀区的首都体育馆。它是定于2022年2月4日开幕的北京冬奥会和残奥会的场馆之一。
Chinese figure skaters are training at the gymnasium. The People's Daily newspaper, a voice of the Communist Party, reported that Xi showed up at the rink and spoke to the athletes and coaches. "The building of a strong sporting nation is one important goal for the construction of a modern socialist nation in all respects," Xi was quoted as saying.
中共国花样滑冰运动员正在体育馆内训练。共产党的喉舌《人民日报》报道，习近平现身溜冰场，并与运动员和教练员交谈。习近平说道：“建设体育强国，是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的一个重要目标……”
That afternoon, Xi visited the Yanqing district in the suburbs of the capital and inspected facilities for Alpine skiing, bobsled and luge competitions. There, too, he stressed that the development of sports would strengthen the nation. "The exponential development of our country's ice and snow sports is an important component of the second centennial goal," he said, according to The People's Daily.
当天下午，习近平来到京郊延庆区，视察了高山滑雪、雪橇和雪橇比赛的设施。在那里，他还强调，发展体育事业将增强国家实力。据《人民日报》报道，他说：“我国冰雪运动成倍发展，是第二个百年目标的重要组成部分。”
The Communist Party will celebrate the 100th anniversary of its establishment this July. The first centennial goal is to "build a moderately prosperous society in all respects" by 2021.
今年7月，共产党将迎来建党100周年。其第一个百年目标是：到2021年“全面建成小康社会”。
The second centennial goal is to "build a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious" by 2049 -- the 100th anniversary of the People's Republic of China's foundation.
而第二个百年目标是，到2049年，即中共国成立100周年时，“建成繁荣、富强、民主、文明、文化先进、和谐稳定的社会主义现代化国家”。
The Beijing Winter Olympics are the first big national event on the way to the second goal. As Xi looks to secure a third term as supreme leader at the party's quinquennial national congress in autumn 2022, failure is not an option.
北京冬奥会是实现第二目标道路上的第一个国家大事。习近平希望在2022年秋季召开的、五年一次的党的全国代表大会上获得最高领导人的第三任期，而这不容有失。
But a major threat stands in the way: COVID-19.
而现在，这一切都面临一个主要威胁：新冠肺炎。
China appears to be keeping infections in check for now, but the pandemic is far from over. The virus looms over the Tokyo Olympics scheduled for this summer. Day by day, concerns grow over whether Japan's games -- already postponed by a year -- can be held.
中共国目前似乎正在控制感染。但这一大流行病远未结束。该病毒一直笼罩在计划于今夏举行的东京奥运会之上。尽管已推迟一年，其恐遭取消的忧虑正逐渐增加。
The Beijing Olympics are due to open only half a year later.
而北京奥运会将于半年后开幕。
On Tuesday, Xi traveled to Zhangjiakou in Hebei, using a high-speed railway constructed for the Beijing Games.
周二，习近平乘坐为北京奥运会而建的高速铁路前往河北张家口。
He stressed in the city that some facilities "have reached the most advanced levels in the world," demonstrating China's "institutional superiority" in accomplishing big projects through the party's leadership, national unity and concentration of power.
他在该市强调，一些设施“已经达到了世界上最先进的水平”，这表明了中共国通过党的领导、国家统一和权力集中来完成大型项目方面的“体制优势”。
Hosting the Winter Olympics during the coronavirus scourge will provide Xi a golden opportunity to show the world what, in his view, makes one-party socialism superior to democracy.
在他看来，在冠状病毒肆虐期间举办冬季奥运会将为习近平提供一个千载难逢的机会，向世界展示，他所认为的一党专制社会主义相对于民主体制的优势。
Biden, of course, was just sworn in on Wednesday, Jan. 20, declaring a victory for democracy and emphasizing his determination to fight the coronavirus. Exactly a year earlier, on Jan. 20, 2020, Xi issued his first important instructions to tackle the virus that had exploded in Wuhan, Hubei Province.
当然，在1月20日周三刚刚宣誓就职的拜登总统宣告了民主的胜利，并强调了他对中共病毒的决心。整整一年前，也就是2020年1月20日（后来官方文件指出早至1月6日），习近平首次作出重要指示，应对湖北武汉爆发的病毒。
Somehow, the two men seem linked by fate.
不知何故，这两个人似乎被命运联系在了一起。
On Jan. 20 this year, Xi attended a meeting at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing and gave another pep talk. He told officials that the Beijing Winter Olympics are a "symbolic event" in the early days of the government's 14th Five-Year Plan, running from 2021 to 2025.
今年1月20日，习近平出席了在北京人民大会堂举行的会议，并进行了又一场鼓舞士气的讲话。他告诉官员们，北京冬奥会是政府第十四个五年计划（2021年至2025年）初期的一个“标志性事件”。
Canceling the Beijing Games now looks impossible.
现在，取消北京奥运会似乎是不可能的。
Monday, Jan. 18: Revisiting Deng Xiaoping's tour that saved China's Communist Party
1月18日星期一：回顾邓小平如何挽救中国共产党
An old Chinese-style neighborhood known as a hutong sprawls just north of Beijing's Jingshan Park, adjacent to the Forbidden City where emperors once lived.
在北京的景山公园北面，有一个被称为胡同的中国古街，它紧邻曾为皇帝住所的紫禁城。
On Jan. 17, 1992, a car with a police escort left a famous residence there at the end of a tangled alley. In the vehicle was former supreme leader Deng Xiaoping, who was 87 years old at the time.
1992年1月17日，一辆有警察护送的汽车离开了位于纷繁巷子尽头一座名宅。车上坐的是前最高领导人邓小平，当时他已经87岁了。
As the Chinese magazine Nan Feng Chuang tells it, the motorcade first went south and then turned left on Chang'an Avenue, a major thoroughfare running east-west in front of the Tiananmen, or the Gate of Heavenly Peace.
正如中共国《南风窗》杂志所言，车队先向南走，然后在贯穿于天安门前的长安街上左转。
When you turn onto the avenue, Beijing Hotel quickly comes into view. In May 1984, Deng had calligraphed the name of the city's leading Western-style hotel. He had been at the height of his power, as the "reform and opening-up" he initiated in 1978 had taken off.
当你进入这条大道，北京饭店很快就会映入眼帘。1984年5月，邓小平为这一城市中首屈一指的西式酒店题词。在他1978年发起的“改革开放”到处开展的同时，他的权力也随之达到了顶峰。
If he looked out the window from his car in 1992, Deng would have seen the hotel's name in his handwriting as the motorcade headed to Beijing Railway Station. Upon arrival, he and his family quickly boarded a special train.
如果1992年邓小平从车窗往外看，当车队驶向北京火车站时，他会看到自己亲手题写的北京饭店店名。到达火车站后，他和家人迅速登上了专列。
The next morning, the train pulled into Wuchang Railway Station in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The moment he disembarked, Deng warned senior local officials greeting him on the platform that if China stopped reform and opening-up, only "the path to death" would be left.
第二天上午，火车驶入湖北武汉的武昌火车站。下车的那一刻，邓小平在站台上警告迎接他的地方高官，如果中国停止改革开放，就只有“死路一条”。
This was the beginning of Deng's famous "southern tour," which changed the course of Communist Party history.
这就是邓小平著名“南巡”的开始。它改变了中共的历史进程。
Back then, the reform drive was facing harsh criticism after the Tiananmen crackdown in June 1989 -- the military suppression of pro-democracy student demonstrators in Tiananmen Square. Conservative forces calling for a return to a centrally planned economy were quickly regaining ground.
当时，在1989年6月4日，天安门广场聚集的学生民主示威者遭到了军队镇压。而在天安门镇压后，改革运动遭到严厉指责，要求恢复中央计划经济的保守势力很快就重新站稳了脚跟。
Alarmed at the prospect of his signature policy falling through, Deng journeyed to southern China -- including Shenzhen and Zhuhai in Guangdong Province as well as Wuhan -- to make the case for transitioning to a market economy.
邓小平对他的招牌政策即将落空的前景感到震惊。他前往华南地区（包括广东省的深圳和珠海，以及武汉），为向市场经济的转型辩护。
During the tour, Deng stressed the need not only to continue reforms but to accelerate them. Proceeding slowly, he argued, was tantamount to stopping or even moving backward. The southern tour lasted for a month until Feb. 21, 1992.
在考察中，邓小平强调，不仅要继续改革，而且要加快改革。他认为，进展缓慢，就等于停止甚至倒退。这次南巡历时一个月，至1992年2月21日结束。
No one could ignore orders from the charismatic Deng.
没人可以无视来自魅力十足的邓小平的命令。
The Communist Party adopted a policy of seeking a "socialist market economy" at its national congress that fall. This meant a full-scale transition to a market economy.
共产党在当年秋季举行的全国代表大会上通过了寻求“社会主义市场经济”的政策。这意味着向市场经济的全面过渡。
China had been mired in the doldrums since the crackdown, but the economy sprang back to life quickly under the new policy. The country went on to average over 10% growth per annum and joined the World Trade Organization in 2001.
而在六四镇压之后，中共国一直陷于低迷之中。但在新政策的推动下，经济迅速恢复了活力。中共国继续以平均每年10%以上的速度增长，并于2001年加入了世界贸易组织。
Without Deng's southern tour, China likely would have followed a different path. Arguably, the economy might have collapsed and the Communist Party's rule could have come to an end.
如果没有邓小平的南巡，中共国很可能会走上另一条道路。可以说，那时的中共国如发展到如今，则经济可能已经崩溃，而共产党的统治可能已经结束。
Through reform and opening-up, Deng brought the confusion caused by the 1966-1976 Cultural Revolution under control. Then, through his southern tour, he saved the Communist Party itself.
通过改革开放，邓小平成功控制了1966-1976年文化大革命造成的混乱。然后，通过南巡，他挽救了共产党。
China has since become a global power seeking to catch and overtake the U.S.
此后，中共国成为了一个谋求追赶和超越美国的全球大国。
On Jan. 18, 29 years after Deng's trip to the south began, the National Bureau of Statistics announced that the country's gross domestic product grew 2.3% in real terms in 2020. While much of the world remains trapped in the coronavirus crisis, China has swiftly returned to positive growth and is proceeding toward normalization.
邓小平南巡开始29年后，1月18日，国家统计局宣布，中共国国内生产总值在2020年实际增长2.3％。在世界上许多国家仍陷于冠状病毒危机之中时，中共国迅速恢复正增长，并正朝着正常化迈进。
President Xi Jinping doubles as general secretary of the Communist Party. And the party's rule under Xi appears rock solid. By and large, citizens' livelihoods have improved to the point where they cannot be compared to the Deng era.
习近平兼任着国家主席和中共中央总书记。在习近平的领导下，共产党的统治显得坚如磐石。总体而言，国民的生活已经改善到了邓小平时代无法与之相提并论的程度。
Yet at the same time, China's clampdown on free speech has only intensified. The space for political freedom today is far narrower than it was in the early days of reform and opening-up.
但与此同时，中共国对言论自由的镇压只是在加剧。今天，政治自由的空间已远比改革开放初期更加狭窄。
Is this the China that Deng envisioned? One can only guess.
这是邓小平所设想的中国吗？我们不得而知。
Friday, Jan. 15: Xi, Starbucks and a cup of Joe for US-China relations
1月15日，星期五：习近平、星巴克、乔•拜登（谐音卡布奇诺）与中美关系
In a letter dated Jan. 6 -- the same day supporters of U.S. President Donald Trump stormed the Capitol in Washington -- Chinese President Xi Jinping reached out to a prominent American who had once considered running against Trump.
1月6日，在美国总统唐纳德•川普的支持者冲进华盛顿国会大厦的同一天，中共国国家主席习近平通在一封信中，向一位曾考虑和川普同时竞选的美国知名人士伸出了援手。
Xi wrote to Howard Schultz, chairman emeritus of U.S. coffee chain Starbucks, the state-run Xinhua News Agency reported on Thursday.
据国家媒体新华社周四报道，习近平致信美国咖啡连锁品牌星巴克名誉主席霍华德•舒尔茨(Howard Schultz)。
"China has embarked on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, which will provide a broader space for companies from all over the world, including Starbucks and other American companies, to develop in China," Xi reportedly wrote.
据报道，习近平写道：“中国开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新征程，这将为包括星巴克等美国企业在内的世界各国企业在华发展提供更加广阔的空间。”
At one point, Schultz had said he was "seriously thinking" of seeking the presidency as a "centrist independent" in 2020. But he decided not to run because he feared he would split the Democrats' vote, helping Trump win.
舒尔茨曾一度表示，他正在“认真考虑”寻求在2020年以“中间派独立候选人”身份寻求总统职位。但他决定不参选，因为他担心自己会分流民主党的选票，从而帮助川普胜选。
Xi, according to Xinhua, was responding to a letter from Schultz in which he congratulated China on its advances and expressed his respect for the Chinese people and culture.
据新华社报道，习近平是此信是在回应舒尔茨的来信。舒尔茨在信中对中国的进步表示祝贺，并表达了对中国人民和文化的尊重。
"Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China," Xi stressed, "the 1.4 billion Chinese people have made long-term and arduous efforts to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and pursue socialist modernization."
习近平强调：“在中国共产党的领导下，14亿中国人民为全面建设小康社会、实现社会主义现代化进行了长期艰苦的努力。”
Starbucks is one of the best-known American brands in China. The company opened its first cafe in Beijing in January 1999. Now it has more than 4,700 locations in about 180 Chinese cities.
星巴克是中共国最知名的美国品牌之一。该公司于1999年1月在北京开设了第一家咖啡馆，而目前，它在中共国约180个城市拥有着4700多家分店。
The journey has not always been smooth. In 2007, Starbucks closed its coffeehouse inside the Forbidden City in Beijing, after criticism that it was tarnishing a historical site. Nevertheless, the company has built an overwhelming presence in the Chinese market, driven by young admirers of American culture.
星巴克一路走来，并不总是一帆风顺。2007年，星巴克关闭了位于北京故宫内的咖啡馆，因为有人批评它玷污了这处历史遗迹。然而，在崇拜美国文化的青年们的推动下，该公司已在中共国市场建立起压倒性的影响力。
For Starbucks, China has become indispensable. Schultz's letter to Xi must have had something to do with Trump's defeat after years of tensions with Beijing. Xi, likewise, appears keen to use Trump's exit to restore the U.S.-China relationship.
对于星巴克来说，中共国已经变得不可或缺。舒尔茨给习近平的信，一定与川普在与北京保持多年紧张关系后的落败有关。同样，习近平似乎也很想利用川普的退出来恢复美中关系。
Xi wrote that he hopes the coffee company will actively promote economic and trade cooperation, along with bilateral relations in general.
习近平写道，他希望这家咖啡公司能对经贸合作以及双边关系起到积极推动作用。
Exactly a year ago, on Jan. 15, 2020, the U.S. and China signed their "Phase One" trade deal. Trump and his team clearly hoped this breakthrough would help him secure reelection in November.
就在一年前，2020年1月15日，中美签署了“第一阶段”贸易协议。很明显，川普总统和团队希望，这一突破能帮助他在11月获得连任。
But COVID-19 changed everything. And early 2021 brought the U.S. Capitol insurrection and a second impeachment for Trump in his final days in office.
但新冠肺炎改变了一切。而2021年初，在川普总统执政的最后日子里，美国国会山大厦发生了骚乱，川普总统也迎来了第二次弹劾。
Many American companies will say good riddance to the Trump era and his approach to China. A new honeymoon between Xi's China and Starbucks seems to have begun even before Joe Biden is sworn in.
许多美国公司已向川普时代以及他对中共国的态度“说再见”。而甚至在拜登宣誓就职之前，习近平和星巴克之间的新蜜月似乎就已经开始了。
Friday, Jan. 8: US Capitol raiders give China a New Year's gift
1月8日星期五：美国国会大厦突袭者给中共国送来了新年礼物
I turned on my TV at home in Beijing on Thursday morning and found incredible footage on CNN.
周四早上，我打开位于北京住所的电视，在CNN上看到了不可思议的画面。
Supporters of U.S. President Donald Trump had stormed the Capitol in Washington. White smoke -- I wondered if it was tear gas -- was billowing.
“美国总统唐纳德•川普的支持者冲进了华盛顿的国会大厦。白烟——也许是催泪弹——正在飘荡。”（CNN旁白）
State-run China Central Television was showing similar scenes, with a subtitle: "American democracy has been destroyed."
国营的中共国中央电视台也在播放类似的场景，副标题是：“美国的民主制度已被摧毁。”
Images of a symbol of American democracy attacked by its own people are useful for the Chinese Communist Party to tout the supremacy of its one-party rule.
美国民主象征受其本国人民攻击的画面，对中共吹捧其一党专政的霸权很有作用。
Hu Xijin, editor-in-chief of the party-affiliated Global Times, on Thursday posted the front pages of The Washington Post and The New York Times on Twitter, saying: "They are mobs, truly. But if Washington D.C. is the capital city of a developing country, the American media outlets will definitely give the Capitol riots a name: Washington Spring."
党媒《环球时报》总编辑胡锡进周四在推特上转发了《华盛顿邮报》和《纽约时报》的头版新闻，称：“他们的确是暴民。但如果华盛顿是发展中国家的首都，美国媒体肯定会给国会大厦暴动起名：华盛顿之春。”
This was a reference to the pro-democracy movements in the Middle East and North Africa a decade ago, collectively dubbed the "Arab Spring." U.S. media praised those protesters but labeled the Trump supporters "mobs," Hu was saying.
这是一种对民主运动的统称方式。十年前，中东和北非地区的民主运动，被称为“阿拉伯之春”。胡锡进说，美国媒体称赞了这些抗议者，但却给川普的支持者贴上了“暴民”的标签。
The firebrand editor was suggesting there is a double standard, but of course, the nature of the Arab Spring, which yearned for free and fair elections, and the Capitol riots, which sought to reject a democratically held election, cannot be more far apart.
这个具有着广泛影响力的主编，暗示了美国媒体的双重标准。但是，当然，向往自由公正选举的阿拉伯之春，与试图拒绝民主选举的国会暴动，没有比这差别更大的事情了。
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying on Thursday made a similar comparison to coverage of the protesters who occupied the Legislative Council in Hong Kong in July 2019.
周四，中共国外交部发言人华春莹对香港抗议者的报道进行了类似的比较。这些抗议者在2019年7月占领了香港立法会。
"If you still remember how some U.S. officials, lawmakers and media described what's happened in Hong Kong, you can compare that with the words they've used to describe the scenes in Capitol Hill," Hua said. "Now compare that with what the Hong Kong violent protesters were called, like 'a beautiful sight' ... and 'democratic heroes.' They said that 'American people stand with them.' What's the reason for such a stark difference in the choice of words?"
华春莹说：“如果你还记得一些美国官员，立法者和媒体对香港运动的描述，你可以将其与他们描述国会山场景的词语进行比较。现在再对比香港暴力抗议者的称呼，如‘美丽的风景线’…‘民主英雄’。他们说，‘美国人民和他们站在一起。’为何选词上出现了如此明显的差异？”
On Wednesday morning, before the U.S. Capitol infiltration, Hong Kong police arrested 53 former lawmakers and democracy proponents on suspicion of violating the new national security law. U.S. President-elect Joe Biden is expected to take a tougher stance on human rights issues. The Chinese government must be trying to completely neutralize Hong Kong pro-democracy lawmakers and activists before he takes office.
周三上午，在美国国会大厦被侵入前，香港警方以涉嫌违反新国家安全法为由，逮捕了53名前议员和民主人士。美国当选总统拜登预计将在人权问题上采取更强硬的立场。中共国政府一定是想在他上任前彻底瓦解香港民主派议员和活动人士。
Under ordinary circumstances, the U.S., a leader of the "free world," would be one of China's strongest and loudest critics. But the U.S. is in no position to play that role, and China would no doubt insist it is simply bringing the "mobs" who stormed the Legislative Council in Hong Kong to justice.
通常情况下，作为“自由世界”的领导者，美国将成为中共国最强烈、最响亮的批评者之一。但此时，美国无力扮演这个角色，因为，中共国无疑会坚持认为，它只是在将冲击香港立法会的“暴徒”绳之以法。
On Thursday afternoon, I stopped by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government's Beijing office, north of Zhongnanhai. The office is right next to a tourist area surrounding Houhai Lake, but there were few pedestrians due to strict COVID-19 measures and temperatures below minus 10 C.
周四下午，我在中南海以北的香港特别行政区政府驻京办事处停留片刻。办事处的办公室位于后海湖周边的旅游区旁边，但由于严格的新冠肺炎应对措施，以及低于零下十度的寒冷气温，这里行人寥寥。
The Chinese flag and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region's flag were flying in strong winds, but just as I had observed last May, China's flag seemed to be fluttering with more energy. The sluggish Hong Kong flag seemed to symbolize the city's democracy activists, who are increasingly isolated and unable to count on the U.S. for support.
中共国国旗和香港特别行政区的旗帜在强风中飘扬，但正如我去年5月观察到的那样，中共国的旗帜似乎在更有活力地飘扬着。低迷的香港区旗似乎象征着该市的民主活动人士，他们越来越被孤立，无法指望美国的支持。
Monday, Jan. 4: Inside Xi Jinping's office: family photos and red phones
1月4日，星期一：习近平办公室内：全家福和红色电话
Every New Year's Eve, Chinese President Xi Jinping addresses the nation from his office in Zhongnanhai, Beijing's political nerve center.
每年除夕，中共国主席习近平都会在他位于北京的政治神经中枢——中南海的办公室向全国发表讲话。
"We overcame the impact of the pandemic, and made great achievements in coordinating prevention and control, and in economic and social development," he said this time, praising his own handling of COVID-19.
习近平夸赞了其亲自下达的新冠疫情应对结果。他说：“我们克服了疫情的影响，在协调防控、经济社会发展等方面取得了很大的成绩。”
Indeed, having largely contained the coronavirus, China stands out as the only major economy achieving positive growth since the April-June quarter of 2020. "China's gross domestic product in 2020 is expected to step up to a new level of 100 trillion yuan ($15.3 trillion)," Xi said.
事实上，在新冠病毒基本控制的情况下，中共国脱颖而出，成为2020年4月至6月季度以来，唯一实现正增长的主要经济体。习近平说：“2020年，中国国内生产总值有望迈上100万亿元人民币（15.3万亿美元）的新台阶。”
For ordinary citizens, state-run China Central Television's annual broadcast of the New Year's speech offers a rare peek into the supreme leader's office.
对于普通市民来说，国营的中央电视台每年播出的新年致辞，为他们提供了一个难得的窥视最高领导人办公室的机会。
Xi sits at a large desk, in front of a Chinese flag and a painting of the Great Wall. The painting is flanked by bookshelves with numerous framed photographs. Over the past few years, explaining the photos has become something of a Chinese media tradition.
习近平坐在一张大办公桌前，面对一面中共国国旗和一幅长城画。画的两边是书架，书架上摆放着许多裱好的照片。在过去几年里，解释这些照片已经成为中共国媒体的传统。
CCTV counted 21 pictures this year. Many were family snapshots -- Xi posing with his wife, Peng Liyuan, or riding a bike with his daughter on the back. They were likely displayed to promote Xi as a family man.
央视今年展示了21张图片。其中许多都是习近平与妻子彭丽媛的家庭合影，以及骑自行车、背着女儿的照片。这些照片很可能是为了宣传习近平以家庭为重。
A close look at the footage also reveals two red phones on his desk. Known as "red machines" within the party, these are exclusive lines with four-digit numbers. Apparently, only members of the Politburo and senior party officials in ministerial posts or higher can call the president on these phones. Xi must use them to give direct instructions.
仔细观察画面还能发现，他的办公桌上有两部红色电话。这些电话在党内被称为“红机”，是四位数号码的专线电话。显然，只有政治局委员和党内部长级以上的高官才能用这些电话与主席通话。习近平一定也会用他们给出直接指示。
Back when the coronavirus hit the city of Wuhan in February and March 2020, I remember CCTV repeatedly stressed that "General Secretary Xi Jinping himself directs and takes action." I wonder if Xi was constantly barking orders into the red phones.
回顾2020年2、3月份，冠状病毒袭击武汉市时，我记得，中央电视台一再强调“习近平主席亲自指挥，亲自部署”。不知道习近平是否正是用这些红色电话发号施令。
Thorough epidemic controls are still in place in Beijing. Whenever an infection is found, all close contacts are placed in quarantine immediately.
北京仍在进行彻底的疫情控制。一旦发现感染者，所有密切接触者都会被立即隔离。
On Saturday morning, I stopped by a hotel on the outskirts of the city, where an infected individual was found late last year. The area was blocked by a green wall and nearby restaurants were closed. It was like a ghost town.
周六上午，我在市郊的一家酒店旁停下。这座酒店在去年年底发现了一名感染者。而现在，这片区域被一堵绿色的墙挡住了，而附近餐馆也被关闭。这里就像一个鬼城。
Less than a year ago, such scenes were common in Beijing itself. Any significant resurgence of the virus could ruin the Chinese Communist Party's 100th anniversary celebrations, scheduled for July.
不到一年前，这样的场景在北京司空见惯。中共病毒的任何重大复发都可能毁掉定于7月举行的中共建党100周年庆祝活动。
2021 is shaping up to be another restless year for Xi.
对于习近平来说，2021年又将是不安的一年。
🔗原文链接
编辑：【英国伦敦喜庄园编辑部】Edited by：【Himalaya London Club UK】