Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks are a type of rock that is formed by deposition and cementation. In simpler terms, they are formed when sand, mud and pebbles get laid down in layers. There are three types of sedimentary rocks. Clastic, chemical and organic are the three types.
Clastic sedimentary rocks(inorganic)
Clastic type of rocks are formed from pre-existing minerals and rock. Breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and shale are all clastic.
chemical sedimentary rocks
Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed when dissolved materials precipitate from solution. Some examples of this could be rock salt, dolomite, and limestone
bioclastic sedimentary rocks(organic)
Bioclastic sedimentary rocks are known as organic because they are formed from the accumulation of animal and plant debris. Some examples of this is coal, limestone and dolomite also.
where they are found
Sedimentary rocks are usually found covering a good amount of earths upper crust.
rock cycle
If you want more detailed information about sedimentary rocks, here's a video.
igneous rocks
Igneous rocks are a type of rock group that are formed when magma or lave cools and solidifies. It is also known as magmatic rock.
extrusive igneous rocks
Extrusive igneous rocks cool above land, which makes them cool faster because of the decent amount of air around it. When it cools faster, the crystals in produces are smaller because they have less time to get bigger. Some extrusive igneous rocks are basalt, obsidian and pumice.
intrusive igneous rocks
Intrusive igneous rocks crystallize below earths surface, which makes their cooling slower. As a result of this slow cooling the crystals are bigger because they had more time to grow. Some intrusive igneous rocks are diorite, gabbro, granite and pegmatite.
where they can be found
Igneous rocks can be found anywhere there has been a volcano. In northern canada, most of their hard rock is made up of igneous rocks.
rock cycle
If you want to learn more about igneous rocks, here is a video.
metamorphic
A metamorphic rocks form from already existing rocks. They can form from igneous, sedimentary and existing metamorphic rocks. They are formed when they are put under extreme heat and/or pressure. The type of rocks don't melt, but they do recrystallize.
Regional metamorphism
This happens over a large area deep inside the earth. The rocks become distorted and the layers are seen as wavy. The minerals inside align in bands, according to their density. These types of rocks are known as foliated. Some rocks of this type are schist, slate and gneiss.
contact metamorphism
Contact metamorphism is when a rock is altered by coming into contact with molten rock. These types are considered nonfoliated and they composed of crystals. Some rocks of this type are novaculite, quartzite and marble.
where they can be found
Metamorphic rocks can be found deep below earths surface. Lots of the lower continental crust is made of metamorphic rocks.
rock cycle
Here is a video if you want to learn more about metamorphic rocks.
Credits:
Created with images by kevin dooley - "Background"