Nondisjunction- When chromosomes may fail to separate during meiosis.
Recessive Genes- Recessive is defined as a gene with characteristics which are not as strong as those on a dominant gene.
Dominant genes- The powerful gene. Example, brown eyes, dark hair, and skin color.
Somatic cells- Your body cells. Cells you can damage by smoking or such.
Germ cells-a cell containing half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell and able to unite with one from the opposite sex to form a new individual; a gamete.
Karyotype- the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.
Klinefelter's syndrome
- Also known as XXY syndrome!
- NOT inherited
- Random genetic error after conception
- Low testosterone and reduced muscle mass, facial hair.
- Most males with this condition produce little to no sperm
Down Syndrome
- Also called Trisomy 21
- A genetic chromosome 21 disorder
- Intellectual delays
- causes a distinct facial appearance, intellectual disability, developmental delays, and may be associated with thyroid or heart disease.
Color Blindness
- Also called color vision deficiency
- Disability to distinguish colors
- Often inherited
- Can be caused by certain eye diseases and medications
- No cure but treatment can help
Turner's Disease
- A chromosomal disorder in which a female is born with only one X chromosome
- Only 200,000 cases a year in the US
- Missing or incomplete sex chromosome
- Symptoms include short stature, delayed puberty, infertility, heart defects, and certain learning disabilities.
- Treatment involves hormone therapy. Fertility may be necessary for women who want to become pregnant.