Breast Cancer

Gene: BRCA1

Location of BRCA1 on chromosome 17

Protein: breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein

When Was Breast Cancer Discovered?

Breast Cancer was first documented in Egypt around 3000-2500 BC. It was discovered earlier than most diseases because it affects an area that can be found by the person who has it.

Disease Incidence and Prognosis

In 2013, 230,850 women and 2,109 men were diagnosed with breast cancer and 40,860 women and 464 men died from breast cancer in the United States. 1.7 million cases of breast cancer were diagnosed worldwide in 2012.

Affect of mutated BRCA genes on the chances of developing breast cancer

Populations affected by Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer mostly affects women, but men also can get breast cancer although it is rare.

Genetic Pattern of Inheritance

The BRCA1 gene is autosomal dominant meaning only one of the parents has to have the gene in order for the offspring to have that gene and get the disease.

Possible Types of Mutations in the BRCA1 gene

Symptoms and Diagnoses

Symptoms include lumps caused by the tumor, changes in the size or shape of the breast, and discharges from the nipple. Breast cancer is diagnosed through screenings that can detect tumors and by the patient experiencing the symptoms of breast cancer.

Treatments

Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Hormone Therapy
Targeted Therapy (using substances to attack cancerous cells, but not healthy cells)

Breast Cancer Research

Research is being made on many areas of breast cancer including

Detecting mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
Finding causes of breast cancer
How to prevent/ reduce the risk of getting breast cancer
New methods to detect breast cancer
New treatments for breast cancer

Works Cited

"Breast Cancer." Genetics Home Reference, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2017, ghr.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed 5 Feb. 2017.

"Breast Cancer." Health Reference Center, Infobase Learning, 2017, online.infobase.com/. Accessed 31 Jan. 2017.

"Breast Cancer Statistics." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016, www.cdc.gov. Accessed 5 Feb. 2017.

"Breast Cancer Statistics." World Cancer Research Fund International, 2017, www.wcrf.org/. Accessed 5 Feb. 2017.

"Breast Cancer Type 1 Susceptibility Protein Isoform 2 [Homo Sapiens]." U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2017, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed 31 Jan. 2017.

"A Brief History of Breast Cancer." National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2017, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed 5 Feb. 2017.

"Chances of Developing Breast Cancer by Age 70." National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2017, www.cancer.gov. Accessed 5 Feb. 2017.

Location of the BRCA1 Gene on Chromosome 17. Genetics Home Reference, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2017, ghr.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed 5 Feb. 2017.

Possible Types of Mutations in BRCA Genes. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016, pubs.rsc.org/. Accessed 5 Feb. 2017.

"What's New in Breast Cancer Research?" American Cancer Society, 2017, www.cancer.org. Accessed 5 Feb. 2017.

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