South Africa under British rule established laws in 1948 called apartheid's. They were created to separated nonwhites and whites Not only did they separate races but. It also stripped South African blacks of their citizenship by placing them into tribally-based bantustans, and abolished all non-white political representation.
Nelson Mandela was a South African political activist who spent over 20 years in prison for his opposition to apartheid laws. Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, into a royal family of the Xhosa-speaking Thembu tribe in the South African village of Mvezo, where his father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa, served as chief
Mandela inspired many Africans to take part in his protests. In the early 1950s he lead many nonviolent protests, such as having Africans refusing to carry their identity passes, entering white only restricted areas, and breaking curfews. These protests were nonviolent but the government arrested close 100,000 people.
After the Harpville massacre in 1960, police killed 69 protesters. Nonviolent protests took a sharp turn. Nelson Mandela, formed an armed wing called the Spear of the Nation. Although the armed resistance campaign initially focused on acts of sabotage, such as the destruction of electricity pylons. But in the 1970s and 1980s the campaign escalated to include attacks on police stations and car bombs.
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