The human body has 48 chromosomes. Down syndrome is caused when there is an extra chromosome. Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder. Every year approxiimately 6000 babies are born with down syndrome. This transaltes to about 1 in every 1000 babies born. The rate of down syndrome increaed by 30% between 1979 and 2003. Down syndrome is mpre common with parents over the age of 35. Down syndrome is more common in the United States with about 1 in every 700 babies born.. Having down syndrome causes many symptons some including : decreased or poor muscle tone, short neck, flattened facial profile, small head, ears and mouth, white spots on the coloured part of the eye, eyes slanting upwards, wide hands and short fingers.

Down syndrome is caused by an unbalanced translocation where they can have extra genetic material from chromosome 21. It is a random event during cell division. Down syndrome is inherited from autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. Down syndrome is located in chromosome 21.

The types of test available for down syndrome is CVS which is chorionic villus sampling. It is where cells are taken from the placenta and are used to check the fetal chromosomes. Another option is ultrasound where they check the back of the baby's neck for fluid to determine the chances of your baby having down syndrome. Back in 1929 people with down syndrome only lived up to the age of 9. In 2017 they normslly live until the age of 50 and beyond. Down syndrome people can now live better lives with many people in their community supporting them. They can now have relationships and at times even marr.y. They don't rely on aults as much as they used to. The treatments for down syndrome include: Self care - exercise and special education. Therapies - speech therapy, support groups, occupational therapy and physicsl therapy. Devices - glasses to correct their vision. Specialists - dentist, paediatrician, GP, paedratric cardiologist, speech therapist, paediatric ophthalmologist, maternal-foetal medicine specialist and medical geneticist.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Database

Down syndrome. (2017). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from http://school.eb.com.au/levels/high/article/Down-syndrome/31091#

Books

Royston, A. (2010). Explaining Down syndrome. Mankato, MN: Smart Apple Media.

Webpages

Data and Statistics | Down Syndrome | Birth Defects | NCBDDD | CDC. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/downsyndrome/data.html

Down Syndrome Prognosis | My Child Without Limits. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.mychildwithoutlimits.org/understand/down-syndrome/down-syndrome-prognosis/

Genetic Counselling. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.geneticcounselling.eu/genetics2.html

What are common symptoms of Down syndrome? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/symptoms.aspx

What are common treatments for Down syndrome? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/treatments.aspx

Images

Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chorionic-villus-sampling/multimedia/chorionic-villus-sampling/img-20008547

Retrieved from http://www.hwns.com.au/Blog/Growing-up-with-Down-syndrome-and-facing-the-bullies/blog

Retrieved from https://www.emaze.com/@ACTZZTRZ/Down

Retrieved from https://scicarlyrae.wordpress.com/2011/02/25/pedigree-of-down-syndrome/