La Historia de España Jack Vito 8 Estrellas

Spain had many ups and downs in its history. There were many different leaders that you wouldn't expect to be leading a country. In this slideshow I will tell you about the crazy, but interesting, history of Spain.
Spain was a great place to stop, refuel, trade, and repair boats. People invaded because of Spain's success.
First people to invade were the Celtas. They invaded from present day France. France is a great place, with fertile land, a huge trade route, and great climate.
The Celtas have northern Spain. The Iberos have southern Spain. The Celtiberos don’t want to fight. They are the first people to inhabit Spain.
The Roman Empire is highly growing. The Roman Empire was expanding to the West and the last place Rome was expanding to was Spain. Their tactics in battle are much better and they easily take over Spain.
In 409 A.D. the Roman Empire collapses. The Kingdom of the Visigoths come out of Germany.
The last group to invade Spain are the Moors. Arabs, Berbers, Syrians from North Africa invaded the peninsula in 711 A.D. They easily defeat Visigoth Kingdoms, conquering nearly all of peninsula.
Almost continual fight between Christian kingdoms in the north of peninsula and Muslims, who controlled the south. Matamoros is the patron saint of Spain. "Mata" means to kill and "Moros" means Muslims.
The influence of Jews, Christians, and Muslims are all still evident today. There are many synagogues, churches, and cathedrals.
King Fernando of Aragon was a fat slob. He doesn't do anything in power. Isabel of Castilla was a warmonger. She would go to battle with her soldiers. She married in 1469, uniting Christian kingdoms against the Moors. They Solidified their power through religion; military success ended the Reconquista by defeating Moors in Granada in 1492.
In 1492 the last Moorish king was defeated; all Muslims remaining in Spain are forced to leave or convert to Christianity. In 1502, given to the success against the Muslims, it is now decided that all Jews need to leave Spain or convert to Christianity. Pope Sixtus IV allowed the kicking out of non Catholics. Pope Innocent IV allowed torture of all non-catholics.
Juana, daughter of Fernando and Isabel, marries Felipe (el Hermoso) of the power Habsburg family. Juana is known as “La Loca” (The Crazy). Legend has it that when Felipe died, she carried his coffin through the streets of Granada, stopping often to kiss the corpse of the dead king.
Carlos I was the son of Juana (La Loca) and Felipe (El Hermoso). He also made himself the Holy Roman Emperor and changed his name to Charles V of Austria/Germany. Under his rule, the Spanish Empire grew rapidly. Conquistas of Incas, Aztecs gold, and silver flooded into Spain from Americans, along with new crops such as corn, potatoes, and fruits.
Carlos I used the funds that were pouring in from the colonies to subsidize the many religious wars he was fighting across Europe. Spain, under Carlos V, became one of the staunchest defenders of Catholicism as it fought to stop the spread of the Protestant Reformation across Europe. He passed on this legacy to his successor, his son Felipe II.
Wars continued against Protestants. In 1554, Marrie Mary Tudor of England attempted to create an international Catholic alliance. A male heir from this marriage would have become King of England, however, there was no son and the Protestant Elizabeth I came to power in England. She annexed Portugal and the Dutch declare independence from Spain. This starts war involving England. In 1588, Spain’s Invincible Armada was defeated by England.
Domenikos Theotokopoulos was a painter from Greece. He traveled to Spain in search of work in the decoration of El Escorial. Felipe II hated his style and refused to hire him. El Greco moved to Toledo and hit the big time by creating paintings making fun of the king.
Felipe II is succeeded by his son, the aptly named Felipe III (1598-1621). Felipe III dies and his son takes the throne. Felipe IV reigns from 1621-1665. Felipe IV reigns over one of the richest cultural periods in Spanish history called the Siglo de Oro.
Felipe IV’s son, Carlos II is known as “El Hechizado” “(the Bewitched)”. He died in 1700, leaving no heir to ascend to the throne of Spain.
War of Spanish Succession pitted royal families and their nation's against each other to see who would rule Spain. War ends in 1713, with Spain losing Gibraltar to the English. Felipe V, the Bourbon grandson of Louis XIV, becomes King of Spain. The Bourbon family remains the royal family of Spain today.
The Bourbons were competent rulers, but were more concerned with life at court. Had efforts to convert Spain into a modern state, based on Neoclassical ideas of the Enlightenment.
Rebellion of May 2, 1808 in Madrid begins the War of Spanish Independence. Joseph Bonaparte was removed from the throne of Spain in 1812. During the upheaval, most of the colonies in America gain independence. The Constitution of 1812 establishes a parliamentary monarchy.
Was the son of Charles IV and returned from exile in France to rule after the defeat of Napoleon’s troops. Totalitarian rule was constantly at odds with liberals who wanted to expand on Constitution of 1812. He died in 1833, leaving only a daughter, Isabel II.
Fernando VII dies without a male heir, leaving only his daughter, Isabel II. The country is divided on the issue of a woman ruler. Carlos faces off against more liberal supporters of Isabel II in several “Guerras Carlistas”. Isabel II reigns from 1833-1868.
The “Glorious Revolutions” removes Isabel II from power in 1868. A short-lived experiment places King Amadeo of Saboya, an Italian, on the throne from 1870-1873. The First Spanish Republic is proclaimed in 1873. It ends in 1874.
The Bourbons returned to the throne with the reign of Alfonso XII from 1875-1885, followed by his son Alfonso XIII from 1902-1931. Alfonso XIII was born in 1885 (shortly after his father’s death). His mother oversaw the government as his regent in the interim. In typical Bourbon fashion, Spain quickly begins a downside, marked by the loss of it last remaining colonies in 1898 and embarrassing military defeats in Morocco.
Unable to put a stop to the political tension and low morale of the country, Alfonso XIII allows a military general to establish a dictatorship from 1923-1931. The dictatorship is unable to solve the problems of the country. In 1931, elections are held to determine if Spain should continue a monarchy or give democracy another try. The Second Republic of Spain is established in 1931, ushering in an era of hope and optimism. They set up a new, progressive constitution, which gives women the right to vote, allows divorce, separates the Church from the State, and creates public schools.
General Francisco Franco stages a military revolt in 1936, beginning the Civil War. Franco’s fascist troops are aided by forces from Germany and Italy. Republican forces get very little help. War ends in 1939, with Franco’s Nationalist forces winning.
Francisco Franco was a fascist dictator of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. Idealized “glory years” of Spain under Carlos V and Felipe II. There were gender roles, religion, regionalism was banned, and censorship. Exile of artists, intellectuals, scientists. Basque terrorist group ETA assassinates Franco’s chosen successor. Franco chooses grandson of Alfonso XIII to take over. Upon Franco’s death in 1975, Juan Carlos I de Borbon becomes King of Spain.
Instead of continuing Franco’s policies or establishing an absolute monarchy, Juan Carlos declares democracy in Spain. He names Adolfo Suarez as the first Prime Minister. Suarez begins the period known as the Transition.
In 1978, Suarez is elected in the first elections held in Spain since 1936. In 80’s Felipe Gonzalez leads Spain out of isolation, joining NATO and the EU. Jose Maria Aznar increases Spain’s influence in the world, with a growing economy and a strong alliance with the USA.
On March 11, 2004, Islamic fundamentalist terrorists placed bombs on several commuter trains in Madrid, killing nearly 200 and injuring over 2000.
2 days after the attack, elections proclaim Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero the new Prime Minister of Spain. His first action, as promised, was to withdraw Spanish troops from the US war with Iraq. He won re-election in 2008.
As a parliamentary monarchy, Spain retains its royal family, although all government decisions are handled by Parliament and the President of the Government.

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