Spain- The Ancient Pit Stop
-The Ancient Pit Stop is situado in the océano Atlántico and mar Mediterráneo. It is a place to get food, and get healthy.
-It is also a place to trade Materiales such as silver and iron.
-The pit stop was a great place to live and everyone wanted it because it was a holy land.
Pre-Roman Iberia
-When the celtas went to invade they didn't have to do it with lots of armor and Armas because not many people live there.
-The problem was that people were there. It was formado the first actual civilization in Spain.
-The Celtiberos were intermingling of the Celtas and the Libros. Iberian Peninsula name came from these people.
-Galicia still has influencias of Celtic culture (Bagpipes and Language).
The Romans are Coming!!
-Holy Roman Empire is growing and growing.
-People decidido that Rome wasn't big enough to conquer, so they went out of Rome and kept going west into Italy until they couldn't go west anymore.
-Eventually Rome weakens and soon collapses. This now leaves it as a fair game for the next group of people.
A Different Type of Goth
- While Rome is Desmoronándose, another group of people invade Europe. (Germanic Visigoths).
-The Germanic Visigoths were good at taking advantage of a debilidad, they poblado spain.
Please Sir, Can I have some Moors?
-In 711 A.D. the last group of invaders come out of Africa.
-Arabs, Berbers, and Syrians from North Africa Invadido the peninsula in 711 A.D. They easily defeated the Visigoth kingdoms conquering nearly all of the península.
La Reconquista
-Almost continual lucha between the christian kingdoms to the north of Spain and Muslims from the South of Spain.
-Closet Religion is when someone is one religion in the public eye and another religion when they are at home.
-EXAMPLE: christianity (public) and Muslim (at home)
Patron Saint of Spain
-Santiago, also known as Matamoros (matar means to kill and moros means muslim.)
-He would go into battle gritando "Matamoros"
-He was a mártir because he Creía that he was doing God's word by getting rid of people that didn't believe.
Toledo the City of Tolerance
-Jews, Christians, and Muslims could go here and not be Perseguido for their religion. Today you can go there and see influences such as synagogues, churches, cathedrals, and Arab style arquitectura (Mudejar)
El Cid
-He was the hero of the reconquista. El Cid was known as Spain's national hero.
1492
-Moors had divided into many small kingdoms. There was so much battling that they are divided into tiny little kingdoms.
-The last moorish king in Grenada, was defeated in January of 1492. Now spain is sort of Catholic.
-There was now nobody to rule over Spain, to make sure it's Catholic. If there is no one to hacer cumplir the rule of the Catholic faith, you can basically profess whatever you want to.
Reyes Catholicos
- Catholic kings were very rich and they were also self fijado.
-The queen was actually the one that did everything! No troops would be able to go to war if the queen didn't. The king's were often very lazy and just sat down.
-Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castilla got married in 1469. Their main goal was to unir the Christian kingdoms against the moors. They Solidificado their powers through their religion. Their military success ended the reconquista by them defeating the moors in Granada in 1492. Up until this point there was no Spain.
The Spanish Inquisition
- in 1492, the last moorish Rey was defeated and all Muslims that were still in Spain were forced to leave or convert to Christianity.
-In 1502, since all of the Muslims converting was a success, they decided that all Jews had to leave Spain or convert to Christianity.
-We know that they converted because we interrogated them and tortured them until they confess to put them on trial and execute them.
Pope sixtus the fourth
Pope Innocent the Fourth
-Torture wouldn't have been allowed if he wasn't the papa at the time...
Gold Diggers (not what you think)
-Someone who marries another person for power (not for the money)
-Juana, the daughter of Fernando and Isabel married Felipe of the powerful Habsburg family. She becomes known as the crazy (la loca) because all the dinero drives her insano.
Carlos I
-1516-1556: He was the son of Juana La Loca ad Felipe el guapo. He came up with the idea that he was the king and he could do whatever he wanted. Under his rule, the spanish empire grew.
-"with the power of the pope I am now the Holy Roman Emperor too"
-He had another idea: he changed his personality everywhere he went. EXAMPLE: Charles V, he changed his name of Austria/Germany. Under his rule, Spanish Empire grew rapidly----> Conquistas of Incas, Aztecs
EXTRA: CHARLES V CONTINUED
-Gold and silver flooded into Spain from Americas, along with new crops: corn, potatoes, and fruits
-Carlos V used the funds that were pouring in from the colonies to subsidize the many religions wars he was fighting across Europe. Instead of using his money to help Spain flourish and help the poor in spain with all of the money that he was getting in he decided to use it towards war.
-Spain, under Carlos V, became one of the staunchest (strongest) defenders of catholicism as it fought to stop the spread of the protestant reformation across europe.
-He pass on the legacy to his successor, his son Felipe
Felipe II:family feud
-The war against protestants was continued. In 1554, Felipe II married Mary Tudor of England in an attempt to create an international Catholic alliance. A male heir from this marriage would have become King of England, however there was no son and the protestant Elizabeth I came to power in England. He said that if he marries her and he becomes King and they have a baby, they said that then the boy will be catholic because the man is catholic and then that would be uniting catholics... but they had a daughter.
-Annexed Portugal, the Dutch declare independence from Spain: starts war involving England. They send 500 ships to England and 0 return England destroyed all of spain with their 200 ships
-1588: Spain’s invincible Armada was defeated by England. England had the idea to trash Spain. Their goal was to get people to stop traveling to Spain. They trashed Spain saying that the King and Queen eat babies (ect.)
El Greco (the greek)
-Also known as the greek. His real name was Domenikos Theotokopoulos and he was a greek painter who traveled to spain in search of work in the decoration of El Escorial. He wanted to paint the palace that the king lived in; he thought that it would work out and that he would get all of the food and riches. Felipe hated his style and refused to hire him. (he basically gave up his whole life to then get turned down by the king)
-As a result, he moved to Toledo and hit it big. He made money by painting photos that made fun of Felipe. The most famous piece he has painted was Vista De Toledo. No One could tell that he was actually making fun of the king... unless you knew his intentions. The message he was trying to say was that Felipe only cared about himself; eventually Spain was going to get destroyed for that reason.
More Habsburg Kings
-Felipe II (second) has a son named Felipe the III (third)
-Felipe the III (third) has a son named Felipe IV (fourth)
-Felipe IV reigns over one of the richest cultural periods in Spanish history: "The Siglo de Oro"
-"The Siglo de Oro": Literature, Drama, nd Art
End of Habsburg
-Felipe IV has a son, Carlos II also known as “El Hechizado” (“the Bewitched”). He died in 1700, leaving no heir to ascend to the throne of Spain.
WAR!!!
-War of Spanish Succession pitted royal families and their nations against each other to see who would rule Spain. The war ended in 1713 with Spain losing Gibraltar to the English.
-Felipe the V, the Bourbon grandson of Louis XIV, became King of Spain. The Bourbon family remained the royal family of Spain.
The Bourbons
-Competent rulers, but more concerned with life at court then they were about the general public.
-People who thought that once they came into power, Spain would get out of the problem because they kind of know what they are doing but... they didn't care about you if you were not rich or didn't have a job in the court.
-Efforts to convert Spain into a modern state, based on Neoclassical ideas of the Enlightenment.
Carlos IV
-He was the grandson of Felipe V and the son of Carlos III; total incompetence.
-Dealing with Napoleon leads to the use of lots of dynamite
ANOTHER WAR!!
-Madrid rebelled on May 2, 1808. This is what started the War of Spanish Independance.
-Joseph Bonaparte was removed from the throne of Spain in 1812. During the heaval, most of the colonies in America gain independence.
-The Constitution of 1812 established a parliamentary monarchy. There was more people to make decisions; the people who are coming from the courts would only make decisions that benefit themselves.
Fernando VII
-He was the son of Carlos IV. He returns from exile in France to rule after the defeat of Napoleon's troops. He died in 1833, leaving only a daughter, Isabel.
-Isabel said "Hey I don't want to get married so I'm gonna rule Spain myself"
-Totalitarian rule: constantly at odds with liberals who wanted to expand on the Constitution of 1812
Alfonso the XIII
-He was unable to put a stop to the political and low morale of the country. Alfonso XXI allowed a military general to establish a dictatorship from 1923-1931. The dictatorship is unable to solve the problems of the country.
-In 1931, elections were held to determine if spain should continue a monarchy or give democracy another try.
Let's Try This Again...
-The second republic of spain was established in 1931, ushering in an era of hope optimism.
-They set up a new, progressive constitution, which gives women the right to vote, allows divorce, separates the church from the states, and creates public schools.
Can’t We All Just Get Along?
-The new government created an even deeper political and social divide.
The military, the church, and the upper classes think there are too many changes going on.
Socialists and communists factions thinks there are not enough changes and want more change, faster.
CIVIL WAR
-General Francisco staged a military revolt in 1936, beginning the Civil War
-Franco’s fascist troops raided by forces from Germany and Italy
-War ends in 1939, with Franco’s Nationalist forces winning
Francisco Franco
-He was a fascist dictator of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. He idolized "glory years" of Spain under Carlos V and Felipe II. He undid everything that Spain worked for.
-Gender roles, religion, regionalism banned, and censorship: Regionalism is that wherever franco lived is the best. Censorship everything had to be approved by franco and his advisors before being put on tv or the radio.
-Exile of artists, intellectuals, scientists: He thought that if he kicks out everyone smart then he will rule a nation of dumb people and then the dumb people can revolt
Whaaaa??
-Instead of continuing Franco’s policies of establishing an absolute monarchy, Juan Carlos declared democracy in Spain. He names Adolfo Suarez as first prime minister. Suarez begins the period known as the Transition
Democracia
-In 1978, Suarez is elected in the first elections held in Spain since 1936. In the 80's Felipe Gonzalez lead Spain out of isolation, joining NATO and the EU. Jose Maria Aznar increased Spain’s influence in the world, with a growing economy and a strong alliance with the USA
11-M
-On March 11, 2004, Islamic fundamentalist terrorists place bombs on several commuter trains in Madrid, killing nearly 200 and injuring over 2000.
A New Direction...
-2 days after the attack, elections proclaim Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero the new Prime Minister of Spain. His first action, as promised, was to withdraw Spanish troops from the US war with Iraq. He won re-election in 2008.
LA FAMILIA REAL
-As a parliamentary monarchy, Spain retained its royal family, although all government decisions are handled by Parliament and the President of the Government.
Credits:
Created with images by Efraimstochter - "spain flag flutter" • http://klarititemplateshop.com/ - "Spanish Inquisition, Plaza Mayor, Madrid" • Nick Kenrick.. - "Malaga Spain" • pedrosimoes7 - "The Óbidos' Castle" • Northfielder - "'The Dome' designed by Michelangelo" • traveLink - "usa arizona quartzsite" • pedrosimoes7 - "Untitled (Study for the Fresco Painting in the Conde de Óbidos Shipping Terminal) (c.1946) - José de Almada Negreiros (1893-1970)" • pedrosimoes7 - "Untitled (c.1924) - José de Almada Negreiros (1893-1970)" • Fraser Mummery - "Plaza Mayor" • Renaud Camus - "Le Jour ni l’Heure 0993 : Philippe IV, roi d’Espagne, 1605-1621-1665, atelier de Vélasquez (?), Bowes Museum, Barnard Castle, Co. Durham, Angleterre, Royaume-Uni, lundi 16 avril 2012, 14:03:42" • annainaustin - "Habsburg exhibit, MFA Houston-9460.jpg" • WikimediaImages - "albertus van habsburg painting baroque" • Simon Matzinger - "Riding on the rooftop." • lisby1 - "Margaret Theresa of Spain in Mourning, 1651" • PhilGONDAS - "castle pau facade entry" • RayanRal - "War"