The Solar System consists the sun and 8 other planets including asteroids, moons and meteors.
It is called "Solar System" because the word "Solar" means relating to the Sun and since the Sun is the centre everything in the Solar System it is called the "Solar System"
Sun
The Sun is a star just like all the stars you see in the night sky just many times closer to us. The Sun is almost 93 million miles away from the Earth, the Sun makes up more than 99% of mass in our Solar System. The Sun is so huge that it's more than 100 times wider than the Earth. The Sun's massive Gravity is what is what keeps all the planets circling around it instead of drifting off into outer space. The Sun is a giant ball of gas made from hydrogen and helium.
Mercury
Mercury's diameter: 4,879 km
Mercury's distance from Sun: 57.91 million km
Mercury's length of day: 58d 15h 30m
Venus
Venus is the 2nd closest planet to the Sun and is the 6th smallest planet in our Solar System, some people call Venus Earth's sister because they are very close in size and gravity. Venus is the hottest planet in the Solar System because of its thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide helps it to trap the heat and stay warmer than all the other planets.
Venus's diameter: 12,104 km
Venus's distance from Sun: 108.2 million km
Venus's length of day: 116d 18h 0m
Earth
Earth's diameter: 12,742 km
Earth's distance from Sun: 149.6 million km
Earth's length of day: 24h
Mars
Mars is the 4th closest planet to the Sun and is the 7th smallest planet in our Solar System. Mars is known as the "Red planet" because iron oxide, a material like rust in soil gives it the reddish colour. Mars has 2 moons but they are not big and round like other moons. There are 2 special robots exploring the surface of Mars and are sending information back to Earth. Scientists are interested in Mars because they think that people can live there with special equipment.
Mars's diameter: 6,779 km
Mars's distance from sun: 227.9 million km
Mars's length of day: 1d 0h 40m
Jupiter
Jupiter is the 5th closest planet to the Sun. Jupiter is called a "Gas giant" because it is very big and is mostly made out of gases. Jupiter has atleast 67 moons but 55 of them are very small. Jupiter is the biggest planet in our Solar System, on Jupiter there is something called the "Great red spot" and has been going on for more than 200 years.
Jupiter's diameter: 139,882 km
Jupiter's distance from Sun: 778.5 million km
Jupiter's length of day: 0d 9h 56m
Saturn
Saturn is the 6th closest planet from the Sun and is also the 2nd biggest planet in our Solar System. Saturn's rings look solid from a distance but the ring are made from many small ice particles, rocks and dust. Saturn has more than 60 moons. Saturn is the furtherst planet that can be seen without the help of an telescope.
Saturn's diameter: 116,464 km
Saturn's distance from Sun: 1.429 billion km
Saturn's length of day: 0d 10h 42m
Uranus
Uranus is the 3rd biggest planet in our Solar System and is the 7th closest planet to the Sun. Uranus is another gas giant. Unlike most planets it is tilted so much that it spins sideways, Uranus also has rings around it. Uranus has 27 known moons, Uranus has blue clouds covering it made from methane and that is how it got it's blue colour.
Uranus's diameter: 50,727 km
Uranus's distance from Sun: 2.871 billion km
Uranus's length of day: 0d 17h 14m
Neptune
Neptune's diameter: 49,244 km
Neptune's distance from Sun: 4.498 billion km
Neptune's length of day: 0d 16h 6m
Credits:
Created with images by NASA Goddard Photo and Video - "Filament Snake In Sun's South-East Limb [Full Disk]" • skeeze - "world earth planet" • MSVG - "A New Earth/ Hot Alien.. Planet" • WikiImages - "jupiter planet red stain" • Royalty-free image collection - "saturn" • WikiImages - "uranus planet gas giant" • WikiImages - "neptune planet solar system"