The internet By: Bruno Taccone

What is the internet?

The internet is a massive networks made up of, well, networks. It connects millions of computers together with three different methods: light, sound, and radio waves.It is basically a massive network that connects almost all the computers in the world together.

Why was it made?

The internet was made for the DARPA, the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Project Agency, to conduct military operations. It started as the ARPANET; but continued to be called internet.

Who made it?

The two inventors of the internet were Robert E. Kahn and Vint Cerf. They made it on the U.S., and was made on the 1960s.

How did they make it?

They invented it by enlisting the help of Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) and connecting four computers running on different programs to create it.

How does internet transfer?

There is three different ways: Light, Radio waves and Electricity. For light, they use fiber optics, which transfers light through these cables that go below water surface. The cable has a lot of protection, being circled by metals and harder materials. Although it goes through all the world, the cables are immensely thin and fragile, so they can be easily broken and cost a lot to make. It also is hard to work with. For radio waves there's WiFi, which uses radio waves to make internet. The problem is that you need a router and a signal, if not you will be disconnected. But an advantage is that it is wireless, and that makes it way better. For electricity there is copper cables, a cheap way to get internet, but like WiFi, it gets disconnected and the signal gets lost. There is also a bandwidth advantage that fiber optics have, but WiFi has the lowest bandwidth.

Packets, routers, DNS and IP addresses

Packets

A packet is a block of data going through a specific network. It basically has all the info for one thing in each packet when you send, for example, a request to play a song. The TCP checks if all packets are delivered, and if not, he sends the packets back until the order is filled.

Routers

It's the networking device which sends (forwards) the data packages between computer networks. It directs the traffic in the internet, and this is what gives you WiFi.

DNS

Stands for Domain Name System. It is a naming system for different devices connected to the internet. It associates information of a website with the name of a domain. There can be hacked DNS servers which give a fake domain and steal private info.

IP addresses

A unique series of numbers which is unique to each computer, and each section of numbers represent something different. These sections are separated by periods which use the Internet Protocol to identify the computer.

SSL, TLS and cookies

SSL

Stands for Secure Sockets Layer. Secures a website from being encrypted and somebody stealing your information to use it.

TLS

Stands for Transport Layer Security. Basically the modern version of SSL.

Cookies

Small pieces of data sent from a website and stored on the user's computer by the web browser. This all happens while the user is browsing.

HTML and HTTP

HTML

Stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is the standard language for creating webpages, and they use markups to make the webpages.

HTTP

Stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. It is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative and hypermedia information systems.

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