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Liquids and Solids Intermolecular Forces

Inermolecular forces or IMF are the forces which mediate interaction between molecules.

Solid: Particles are tightly packed together and are often arranged in a regular pattern

  • In a gas, they are far apart with no regulations.
  • In a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement.

Solid: Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions and do not generally move in relation to one another.

  • In a gas, they move independently of one another except when they collide.
  • In a liquid, they move pass each other but remain in essentially constant contact.

Solids and liquids are similar are different from each other in many ways.

Solids have a fixed volume and shape with atoms that are bound tightly to each other that makes it resistant to change. They can only change if they cut or broken. They are strong, elastic, tough, hard, and flexible. Example: Trees, wood, soil, and stones

Liquids have no shape and it does take the shape of ant container that it's in. The density of a liquid is constant. One of the many uses it has is they can dissolve solids ad other liquids, which is called solvent. Liquids like gas are considered fluids. Example: water, oil, mercury and ethanol.

Liquids and solids are condensed matters. Solids can be turned into liquids when exposed to heat, which does not change the atoms but does affect how they are bound together. Some liquids can turn into gas when heated, or they can turn into solids when cooled.

Dispersion force- a temporary attractive space when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles. It is the weakest intermolecular force. Larger and heavier atoms and molecules exhibit strong dispersion forces than do smaller lighter atoms and molecules.

Dipole–dipole interactions- The electrostatic force between the partially positive end of one polar molecule and the partially negative end of another.

Hydrogen bond- a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other. Strong type of dipole-dipole attraction.

When you want to see which boiling point is higher or lower, you can simply look at your periodic table and see which one is which. On the periodic table, the lower the element goes the higher the boiling point gets.

Credits:

Created with images by PublicDomainPictures - "splashing splash aqua" • Todd Quackenbush - "untitled image" • qimono - "drop splash drip"

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