“I want to talk to you about one of the biggest myths in medicine, and that is the idea that all we need are more medical breakthroughs and then all of our problems will be solved.”
-Quyen Nguyen
Issue 9 - October 2018
In this issue:
- Letter from the Editor
- Member Highlights
- Meet Your Leadership
- Getting to Know APHA
- The International Health Student Committee - Why You Should Get Involved
- IH at the APHA Annual Meeting
- The IH Section Communications Committee
Editors:
- Theresa Majeski - Editor-in-Chief
- Chandra Sekar - Associate Editor
letter from the editor
Greetings fellow IH Section members,
As we approach the APHA Annual Meeting, happening November 10 - 14 in San Diego, this issue highlights some of the wonderful opportunities that you can take advantage of by attending the Annual Meeting.
However, I know that attendance at the Annual Meeting can be costly and time consuming for those who have to pay for it themselves and perhaps take time off of work or school to attend. So I wanted to quickly draw your attention to two Annual Meeting-related items in this newsletter that may be of interest to you if you are unable to attend this year.
IH Section now offers competitive monetary scholarships to Early Career Professionals (ECPs) who have abstracts accepted for presentation at the Annual Meeting. The scholarships are awarded to ECPs with the highest rated abstracts during the blinded, peer review process. These scholarships are designed to help defray the costs of attending the Annual Meeting and presenting your work. You do not need to apply for this scholarship as every accepted abstract (poster or oral) from an IH Section member who has an ECP membership type is automatically entered. If you're an ECP and thinking about submitting an abstract for next year, maybe this scholarship will help persuade you!
These travel scholarships are funded by donations to the IH Section so if you are not an ECP but would like to help the next generation of global health leaders advance their careers, you can find more information on how to donate in the "IH at the APHA Annual Meeting" article later in the newsletter.
The second thing that may be of interest to folks who are not able to attend this year's Annual Meeting is that the IH Section has a strong social media presence. The IH Section Communications Committee will be covering the Annual Meeting with a variety of hashtags that you can follow. Following along on social media will allow you to keep up with some of the live happenings at the Annual Meeting and show you what goes on with the IH Section during these annual get-togethers. You can read more about our social media presence in the "The IH Section Communications Committee" article later in the newsletter.
If you plan on being at the Annual Meeting, the Communications Committee is looking for Social Media Ambassadors to help cover the meeting on social media. This is a great way to get started in a professional social media capacity. Learn more about being a Social Media Ambassador in the "The IH Section Communications Committee" article later in the newsletter.
I hope you enjoy this issue of Section Connection.
Theresa Majeski
Editor-in-Chief
Member highlights
Featuring: Amy Hagopian
Everyone please congratulate Dr. Amy Hagopian on her receipt of the 2018 Victor Sidel and Barry Levy Award for Peace.
"The Victor Sidel and Barry Levy Award for Peace is awarded to an APHA member who has made outstanding contributions to preventing war and promote international peace. The award draws attention to the profound health consequences of war and what public health workers can do to help prevent war and promote international peace."
Amy is an integral part of the IH Section's leadership and she works tirelessly to advance social justice around the world. I cannot think of a better person to be honored with this award. Congratulations Amy.
Featuring: Amy Hagopian and Gopal Sankaran
Amy Hagopian has been appointed by the Executive Board of American Public Health Association to serve on the Editorial Board of the American Journal of Public Health (AJPH), for a three-year term (November 2018 – November 2021).
Gopal Sankaran has been appointed by the Executive Board of American Public Health Association to serve as Vice Chair on the Editorial Board of the American Journal of Public Health (AJPH), for one-year term (November 2018 - November 2019).
Congratulations to both Amy and Gopal on these great achievements.
featuring: Climate change and health working group
Great news -- Our Climate Change and Health Working Group website has recently launched! The IH CC&H WG now has a place to post news and resources and support the interchange of information. It will serve as a valuable virtual gathering place of those interested in climate change-- please check us out at https://aphaih.org/cch/
To highlight your own work, awards, honors, etc. or that of a fellow IH Section member in future newsletters, email theresa.majeski@gmail.com
“Recognizing its importance, Aedes aegypti should be studied as a long-term national, regional, and world problem rather than as a temporary local threat to the communities suffering at any given moment from yellow fever, dengue or other aegypti-borne disease. No one can foresee the extent of the future threat of Aedes aegypti to mankind as a vector of known virus diseases, and none can foretell what other virus diseases may yet affect regions where A. aegypti is permitted to remain.”
- Fred Lowe Soper, Building the Health Bridge: Selections from the Works of Fred L. Soper
Meet your leadership
Featuring: Vina hulamm
By Shazie Senen
Vina HuLamm is the global health manager at the American Public Health Association (APHA) and works to advance the organization’s role and visibility in global health. Vina oversees the Association’s international activities and collaborative partnerships and serves on several committees and boards with other international organizations. Her professional areas of interest are health systems strengthening; human resources for health; maternal, newborn and child health and global health diplomacy. Aside from her professional interests and academic studies, Vina enjoys traveling to new places, fine-tuning her baking skills and practicing yoga in her spare time.
I see you’re currently doing a lot in various international programs and partnerships. How did you get into global health?
My academic background initially was in environmental science and policy, so I stumbled upon global health in a non-traditional way. After college, I taught English in Japan, and I was unsure of what to do after. I began working for a temp agency and by luck, I was placed with a consulting firm which provided technical assistance to USAID missions on their HIV/AIDS programs. This sparked my interest in international development and after the project ended, I worked for another consulting firm also focused on development assistance projects in different countries.
Once I started working for APHA, my understanding of global health really piqued. I started with really little background in public health. I completed my MS and am currently working on my doctorate in Public Health Leadership. There are different ways to integrate public health into “non-health” work, so you don’t have to throw any knowledge or experience away. Given I started in environmental science, it’s great to know that I can use this as context in my line of work. Anyone can weave their experiences into public health in some way.
What do you currently do to help the IH Section?
As the staff liaison to the section, my role is to support the section leadership and their activities. I currently manage APHA’s global health activities and partnerships. I oversee how we engage with international partners and make connections back to the members and work at APHA. Examples include: engaging with external partners to get them involved at our Annual Meeting and the Spanish translations project that we have with PAHO. It feels like I’m connecting the dots since I have a “bird’s eye” view of everything going on related to global health at the Association. Therefore, I feel my role has a dual purpose: 1) raise awareness of global health across the Association and 2) raise the visibility of APHA internationally.
We have a long standing relationship with the World Federation of Public Health Associations (WFPHA), a global association of national public health associations, as one of the co-founders. Additionally, I am active on the Alliance of Public Health Associations of the Americas, a network established three years ago in Cuba to strengthen partnerships and work collaboratively on public health issues in the region. Through these networks, I have been involved in serving on various working groups and committees and seeking opportunities to highlight APHA’s expertise and resources. APHA is an NGO in official relations status with the Pan American Health Organization (APHO/WHO) and an organizational member of the Partnership for Maternal Newborn and Child Health (PMNCH), I work with PAHO around our Annual Meeting every year as well as a translations project, a partnership between our respective journals. Our involvement with these entities provides opportunities for the organization to engage and contribute at the global level.
What is your favorite part about working in this field?
I like being able to meet different people and learning from others’ ideas and perspectives. I value establishing relationships with people from different backgrounds and experiences so having that professional network is valuable to me.
Any words of wisdom for future global health leaders?
Some advice I wished I had known a few years ago would be how diverse the field is. What is helpful for rising leaders is to talk to different people and learn about their career paths and goals, which can help inform your career decisions. What excites you does not have to be so “black-and-white.” There is a lot of room in the grey area, and a lot of professions lie in that area. You can be as creative as you want in this profession, and from what I’ve seen, if it doesn’t exist there is room for it to be created.
It goes without saying that traveling can give us invaluable knowledge and perspectives. But, as I’ve learned in my leadership studies of Peter Senge, it’s about what can you share with others and what can others share with you. Through these interactions and bi-directional exchanges, both new ideas and ways of thinking are created, allowing people to see the big picture to create meaningful impact. For students, emerging professionals and aspiring leaders in this field, I would advise them to join an organization or network that aligns with their interests and values; and invest in cultivating these professional relationships as much of what gets accomplished in global health is through these connections and networks.
Getting to know apha
By Jeanie Holt
APHA Annual Meeting! That roller derby, giant family reunion, intellectual overload, exhausting, exhilarating five days is just a month away! Obviously all IH Section members already have more in your Annual Meeting App schedules than you can possibly attend—yet I hope to entice a few of you to attend at least something sponsored by the Council of Affiliates.
[You may remember that the Council of Affiliates (CoA) represents the 54 public health associations affiliated with APHA (1 for each state except CA, which has 2; a NYC affiliate, a MetroDC affiliate, and the Public Health Association of Puerto Rico). Affiliates often represent the more “on the ground” side of public health with lower dues, fewer academics, and more front-line public health workers. Affiliates also tend to be very active in advocacy. This is especially important because so much of public health policy reform happens at the state and local levels. (Think, for example, about indoor smoking laws which began with individual towns and cities banning indoor smoking. Most states have strict indoor smoking bans now while the Federal government still does not.) All this by way of saying, even folks mostly interested in global health can find a great home in a local public health association.]
I want to highlight two Council of Affiliates activities I think IH Section members will be interested in attending.
Affiliate Day Policy Discussion: Affiliates meet on Saturday, November 10 from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. This meeting is open to all (and we do feed you!). In the late morning we will hold a session on the APHA policy development process and policy analysis. We believe affiliates have unique perspectives that can contribute to more effective APHA policy. Traditionally, most affiliates have not been very involved in the APHA policy development process. The CoA has been working to change that. This part of our Affiliate Day will begin with an explanation of the process and of how affiliates can contribute to more effective APHA policies. Part of our contribution can be sharing our unique perspectives with authors during the review process. For example, affiliates can read proposed policies as “not subject-matter experts”, assessing whether the science is clear and jargon-free, and whether the action steps include ones that can be taken at community and/or state levels. Once we cover this background information, we will divide into round tables and read/assess/discuss proposed policies. This will give attendees hands-on experience analyzing policies and prepare the Affiliate Representatives to Governing Council to participate in the policy hearings and the discussion and voting in Governing Council.
Scientific Sessions: The CoA sponsors three scientific sessions, two of which may be of interest to IH Section members. On Tuesday, 1:00-2:30, we have a panel discussion titled Health Impacts of Discrimination across Communities. Four panelists will present their research on the health impacts of discrimination in specific underrepresented and vulnerable groups including Black/African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, LGBTQ elders, Latinx immigrants, and Black female college students. Highlights include discussion of the similarities and differences of these impacts on different populations experiencing discrimination, the intersectionality of race and gender discrimination, and the physical health, mental health, and access-to-care impacts.
On Wednesday, 12:30 to 2:00, a panel will present Affiliate Action to Advance Health Equity. Leaders from four affiliates will share four different ways they are working to advance health equity in their states. From proposing comprehensive state legislation to require legislation and regulations to articulate health equity impacts to establishing an affiliate health equity committee, APHA affiliated public health associations are working at local and state levels to advance health equity. IH members may find ideas and inspiration for actions to advance equity in other settings.
For more information on these or any other Council of Affiliates activities, please contact me: Jeanie Holt (Jeanie.apha@gmail.com; 603-703-2209).
The international health student committee - Why You SHould get involved
By Teresa Ekaete Nwachukwu
What is truly special about the APHA in general and the IH Section in particular is the focus on mentoring and the prominent role students play in the affairs of the organization. For students who are really interested in leadership in the international health space, the International Health Student Committee (IHSC) provides a perfect platform to explore, learn, lead and shine.
As a public health practitioner, it is almost a given that you will be required to lead at one time or the other. You may be called to lead an investigation team in an outbreak, a research project, or an initiative that produces outputs that could influence the lives of millions of people. Your ability to manage people, resources, and information could make the difference between an exceptional project and a mediocre task. For some people, the thought of being at the top end of the decision making spectrum may be intimidating. Mercifully, there are numerous opportunities available to break the leadership ice and test the waters.
The IH Student Committee offers interested students the opportunity to practice those leadership skills in the real world and among supportive peers. As members of the Student Assembly of APHA, whose vision is to have a ‘network of students for a healthy global health’, the whole purpose of students’ involvement is to further the growth of the next generation of leaders in public health.
The role of the International Health Student Committee includes guiding and encouraging the IH student members. The committee facilitates the engagement of students and early career professionals who are passionate about global or international health so they can stay engaged with the larger section.
While the work of the IHSC is not necessarily overwhelming, it does require some commitment, focus and planning, which are key attributes that leaders in the global health sphere should develop. Last year, the IHSC went through some reorganization and two budding public health enthusiasts stepped up to assume leadership roles. Currently, the Co-Chairs of the IHSC are the duo of Love Odetola and Mackenzie Robinson.
Love Odetola is the personification of the word ‘international’. Born in Nigeria, raised in Senegal, her education has had Turkish, Indian, Swiss and American influences. Currently living in North Carolina, she is one of the Co –Chairs of the IHSC. Odetola’s interest in public health was clear early in her undergraduate years when she received the Davis Project for Peace grant. This grant funded potable water, public health education and micro finance loans to rural women in Senegal. Odetola, a doctoral student is also a student leader in the UMOJA research team, a project with interest in the health of Congolese refugee mothers in South Carolina. As a co-chair of the IHSC, Love is exploring a competition that would allow students showcase their work in international health.
She would like to facilitate more online networking events and webinars to recruit and engage the IH Section members from the underrepresented global health programs.
Mackenzie Robinson, the other Co-Chair, is a final year MPH student at Washington University in St Louis. She has always considered herself a global citizen. She aspires to help mitigate the health challenges that exist in the world. With years of international health experience in Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia, she has learned to analyze health and social challenges from a different perspective. She has learned to adapt her leadership style to suit different environments and cultures. This experience has served her well as the Co-Chair of the IHSC. By serving as liaison between the IHSC and leadership, she promotes global citizenry throughout the APHA membership pool and the global public health community.
She hopes to strengthen the next generation’s workforce by connecting students and early career professionals who are trying to find their niche with established professionals in the field of global health. Mackenzie would also like to facilitate a ‘Women in Global Health’ webinar as a way to encourage, promote and acknowledge the role of women in global health.
The functions of the co-chairs are as varied as they are exciting. They attend monthly conference call meetings where they get a chance to be the official voice of the students at leadership level. They help to identify opportunities to link student members with IH Section committees and working groups, so as to develop future leadership for the IH Section. They help to recruit students to take advantage of identified opportunities. They play a prominent role at the Annual Meeting by organizing the IH student meeting. Finally, they may be called on to recruit other students and organize the IHSC activities throughout the year.
By playing these roles, students and early career professionals develop the indispensable competencies of leadership that will help them get ahead in the competitive global and international health fields.
The co-chairs of the IHSC are chosen at the Annual Meeting. In San Diego, it will be another opportunity to select new co-chairs for the committee. Co-chairs would typically spend 2 to 6 hours a month on committee activities but these hours are well worth the while for the dividends they yield for the students.
Active membership in the IHSC is an opportunity to network with other students who are passionate about global health issues. The committee serves as a platform to meet experienced public health professionals who can serve as mentors and guides as students make the sometime difficult transition into their early career in public health. Membership allows students to share experiences with other students and find how their interests and passions intersect. These connections can form lifelong career and social support systems. These are excellent opportunities for valuable leadership experience and to further students’ education.
Membership in the Student Assembly and various sections of APHA offers perks like exclusive access to the American Journal of Public Health and the Nation’s Health. Students are encouraged to attend the APHA Annual Meeting where they may present their research abstracts and posters to thousands of public health experts. Students also enjoy discounts to the Annual Meetings, publications, travel and other resources.
Love and Mackenzie have been impacted positively by the experience of Co-Chairing the International Health Student Committee.
They are excited to invite public health students to the forthcoming Annual Meeting in San Diego. With the theme ‘Creating the Healthiest Nation: Health Equity Now’, they acknowledge that the benefits of attending will live with the individual for life. Love emphasizes the importance of promoting ‘the work we do every day’ and the Annual Meeting could very well be an opportunity to share with others, the incredible work that students do in public health all over the world.
If you are a student and or early career professional, the pair of Love and Mackenzie would love to hear from you. You may send an e mail to Mackenzie@ mackenzievrobinson@gmail.com or to Love at loodetola@uncg.edu.
They invite both old and new members to an International Health Section Student Body Meeting at the APHA Annual Meeting on Monday, November 12th 2018 from 6.30pm to 7.30pm. As Mackenzie said ‘Join us and hear from your colleagues in the United States and abroad’.
IH At the APHA ANnual meeting
Are you going to the APHA Annual Meeting? Check out these resources on carbon neutral airline travel: United Airlines Carbonchoice carbon offset program, Delta's carbon calculator and carbon neutral option, an airline-neutral carbon calculator with numerous beneficiaries for donations, and Terapass's EcoBundle and certificate.
pre-conference workshop
For those working or hoping to work in community health, you may like to attend an enlightening and energizing pre-conference workshop on Community Health Workers, organized by our IH Community-Based Primary Health Care Working Group in collaboration with the APHA Community Health Worker (CHW) Section. Register here.
Governing Council needs IH members to serve as Proxies
When one of IH’s seven Governing Counselors must be absent from one of the three sessions of the Governing Council during the Annual Meeting (Saturday afternoon, Tuesday morning, and Tuesday afternoon), we lose that vote unless a proxy is designated. Any member of the IH Section can serve in this capacity, except members who are already Governing Councilors (one person/attendee can't have more than one vote).
Serving as a proxy for one 3-4 hour session during the Annual Meeting is a good opportunity to learn what the APHA Governing Council does and how it operates without committing to a two-year term as a Governing Counselor.
If you can be available to serve for one or more of these sessions, please let Carol Dabbs, our GC Whip for 2018, know at carol_dabbs@yahoo.com We already know that we need two proxies for Saturday afternoon, and there are likely to be other opportunities as well.
Editor's note: This opportunity is especially valuable for those interested in policy, advocacy, governance, etc. You will see first-hand how a large organization like APHA operates. And you will not be alone as the other IH Section Governing Councilors will help you during the meetings, so no experience is necessary. To learn more about the Governing Council visit https://www.apha.org/about-apha/governance/apha-boards-and-councils/governing-council
HELP SUPPORT EARLY CAREER PROFESSIONALS TO ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETING
The International Health section will be offering two $250 scholarships to Early Career Professional (ECP) section members whose meeting abstract submissions were scored the highest in the peer review process. These scholarships are funded by section member donations. Section members are encouraged to make a donation to the IH Section Enrichment Fund to support these scholarships, and other critical functions of the section. Here is a link to make an on-line donation now: http://bit.ly/2dAmAP7
Great one-on-one networking opportunity at the annual meeting
Every year the Global Health Connections Working Group coordinates the International Attendees Welcome Desk. This Desk is designed to serve as a first point of contact for our internationally-based colleagues. We purposefully design the Desk volunteer schedule so that two people will be staffing it during each one-hour shift whenever possible. This gives you get an opportunity to network one-on-one with another IH Section member during your volunteer session. No experience is needed and instructions will be provided for you at the Desk. To sign up for a one-hour shift visit: https://www.signupgenius.com/go/70a0d44afaa29a4fc1-ihsection
A highlight OF some IH ANNUAL MEETING SESSIONS and meetings
MEETING: International Health Student Committee
The IH Section has a committee dedicated to our student members, the International Health Student Committee (IHSC). This committee is a place for IH Section students to network with other students, get involved in IH Section activities, attend career guidance webinars, etc. The IHSC is holding a one-hour meeting for those interested in learning more about the committee and how to get involved. The meeting is on Monday November 12, 6:30-7:30 pm. Check the Annual Meeting program/schedule for location information. Please join the IHSC and hear from your colleagues in the US and abroad!
SESSION: Reducing the Burden of Disease due to Non-communicable Diseases Globally (NCD): Challenges and Opportunities
The WHO Independent High-Level Commission on Non-Communicable Disease report “Time to Deliver,” has finally put NCDs firmly on the global health agenda. In response to this call, the International Health Section of APHA will be hosting a special session at APHA, “Reducing the Burden of Disease due to Non-communicable Diseases Globally (NCD): Challenges and Opportunities.”, on Tuesday November 13th from 5:00 - 6:30 PM.
Presenters include:
- Mokdad Ali, Director, Middle Eastern Initiatives, Professor, Global Health, University of Washington
- Mark Strand, PhD. Professor, North Dakota State University,
- Priya Kanayson, MPH, Senior Advocacy Officer at NCD Alliance
- Kokaale Amissah-Aidoo , Outreach Coordinator, Hesparian Foundation
Please make plans to attend APHA in San Diego, Nov 10-14, 2018, and join in the global conversation on NCDs.
MEETING: Working Group on International Abortion
The International Health (IH) Section and the Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) sections are forming a Working Group on International Abortion. At this time, Sarah Shannon and Carol Dabbs of IH Section, and Beth Rivlin and Angel Foster of the SRH Section are working to organize this effort.
We have scheduled a meeting of those who are interested in participating in the working group during the Annual Meeting in San Diego. This session (which is included in the SRH program for technical reasons having to do with how the program is planned), is as follows:
233.0 - BM: Sunday, November 11, 2018: 12:00 p.m.-1:30 p.m., Hilton: Indigo Ballroom BF
SESSION: Working Group on International Abortion
In addition, the International Abortion Working Group has organized a joint session “Defending Women’s Rights in the Context of the Global Gag Rule”. The purpose of this session is to respond to the imposition of a much more wide-ranging Global Gag Rule (GGR), which is limiting funding not only for family planning assistance, but all health assistance, with impacts on programs, institutions, health care services, and health outcomes.
The session features prominent speakers discussing the impact of the Global Gag Rule and avenues for advocacy to mitigate or overturn it: Jacqueline Daroch, Guttmacher Institute; Terry McGovern, Colombia University, Beirne Roose-Snyder, Center for Health and Gender Equity, and Stephanie Schmidt, Center for Reproductive Rights.
Tuesday, November 13, 2018: 1:00 p.m.-2:30 p.m., San Diego Convention Center, 26B Session 4274.1
Please join us for both the meeting and the session and please share with others!
MEETING: Climate Change and Global Health Working Group
At the APHA conference in San Diego, we invite you to our Open House - Monday November 12th 6:30 - 8 PM. This lively event will include a brief presentation of the Working Group's progress in 2018, an active networking session, an open forum for sharing interests, experiences and resources and brief planning for 2019. Immediately after, all those interested will go together to a nearby restaurant for a light dinner, fun and fellowship. All are welcome to this event!
the iH Section communications committee
New APHA IH Section Social Media Developments
Hello from the IH Section Communications Committee! There have been some exciting developments since the APHA Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia last year. For starters, a new Social Media Subcommittee was constructed. Christa Cook (Social Media Manager) and Cherrelle Dorleans (Assistant Social Media Manager) joined the Social Media Subcommittee as Social Media Managers in Training (SMMiT) in February 2018. Together, they have been keeping the IH Section’s Facebook, Twitter, and Google+ accounts updated with fresh content throughout the year. What else is new? In response to IH Section member engagement survey results which revealed that more could be done to raise awareness of our social media presence among all members, we are currently piloting a new IH Section Instagram account to more effectively reach students and early-career professionals. Follow us on Instagram to show your support!
Social Media Activity Snapshot (June-September 2018)
Here is a snapshot of how the Social Media Subcommittee has been engaging with members over the past few months.
Countdown to the APHA Annual Meeting
During the month of October, our social media content will be focused on promoting the APHA Annual Meeting in San Diego, California. Each week, there will be at least one Instagram poll for Section members to engage with by sharing what their plans for the meeting are. This should be a great way to identify colleagues to connect with prior to the start of the meeting. We will also being doing a 30-day countdown to the start of the meeting. Stay tuned for more details!
Seeking Social Media Ambassadors for the Annual Meeting
Are you attending the APHA Annual Meeting?
Are you looking for an opportunity to spice up your social media presence?
Are you interested in getting more involved within the APHA IH Section?
We are currently seeking Social Media Ambassadors to post about, like, mention, or hashtag IH Section activities on social media during the annual meeting. Here are a list of hashtags that you can use:
#IH_Section
#IHSection4HealthEquity
#IH_SectionAwards_2018
#IH_SectionPresentations_2018
#IH_SectionNetworking
#IH_SectionMentoring
Please email ihsection.communications@gmail.com if you are interested in being a Social Media Ambassador! We look forward to hearing from you.
Sophia Anyatonwu
IH Section Communications Committee Co-chair & Social Media Subcommittee Chair
Connect with us:
IH Connect, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Google+
Background photo credits, in order:
2017 Nandi Bwanali ONE COMMUNITY, Courtesy of Photoshare; 2018 Debassish Chakraborty, Courtesy of Photoshare; 2018 Stephan Kierniesky, Courtesy of Photoshare; 2017 Brendan Bannon USAID, Courtesy of Photoshare; 2016 David Alexander Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Courtesy of Photoshare; 2017 Rajib Singha, Courtesy of Photoshare; 2015 Harimawan Lafit YCCP, Courtesy of Photoshare; 2018 Arturo Sanabria, Courtesy of Photoshare