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国务卿蓬佩奥演讲—1989年的教训:自由与我们的未来 【翻译】

U.S. Department of State 美国国务院

The Lessons of 1989: Freedom and Our Future

1989年的教训:自由与我们的未来

SPEECH

MICHAEL R. POMPEO, SECRETARY OF STATE

国务卿迈克尔·彭佩奥演讲稿

KOERBER STIFTUNG AXICA 科伯基金会

NOVEMBER 8, 2019 2019年11月8日

SECRETARY POMPEO: 国务卿彭佩奥

Well, good morning. Thank you, Thomas, for the kind introduction, the kind words. Thank you, too, for the warm welcome. I have felt it everywhere. I was commenting that I’m going to be here in Germany for two days. I don’t think I’ve been two days any one place in the last three years, and it has been a blessing and wonderful, and you all have been so gracious to me and to my team.

早上好。 谢谢托马斯,给予我友好的介绍和善意的美言。 您的热情欢迎我随处可以感受到。 报道说我要在德国待两天, 在过去的三年中,我还从未在任何地方呆上两天之久,这真是一件福气和美好的事,感谢你们对我和我的团队热情的款待。

I want to thank Foreign Minister Maas, too. He spent the whole day with me yesterday. It was a great show of hospitality and friendship. We traveled a good part of your country.

我也要感谢外交部长马斯。 昨天他陪着我一整天。 充分显示了他的热情好客和友谊,陪同我们参观了贵国很多的地方。

And I want to thank the Korber Foundation. You all have been so gracious to host us in this beautiful building. I love your founder’s mantra ̶ talking with people. Fantastic. Not about them. I wish that happened in Washington. (Laughter.) I can handle Twitter storms, too.

我还要感谢科伯基金会。 你们热情地接待我们参观了这座美丽的建筑。 我很喜欢基金创始人的口头禅:与人交谈。 太棒了!我希望在华盛顿“与人交谈”。 (笑声)让我也可以应付Twitter的风暴。

As many of you know, I am from the great state of Kansas. It’s right smack dab in the center of the United States of America. And we have been welcoming Germans, German immigrants, since the 1800s. They founded towns that I know people in and have campaigned in, towns like Bremen, a little town called Humboldt, Stuttgart – you know. (Laughter.) It’s Germans like those people that I know so well from Kansas who helped build America.

你们很多人可能知道,我来自堪萨斯州,美国最中心的州。 自1800年代以来,我们一直欢迎德国人和德国移民。他们建立的城镇里我认识很多人,并参加那里的竞选活动,例如不来梅,一个叫洪堡,斯图加特的小镇。 (笑声)我知道的正是像这样在堪萨斯州那些德国人,他们帮助建立了美国。

But my personal connection to your great country, and to the German people, began in the fall of 1986, as a younger, thinner, more daring Army second lieutenant, in a place called Bindlach – we’re not far from, by the way. I am one of millions of Americans who have lived in Germany since the founding of the Federal Republic back in 1949.

但是我个人与贵国这个伟大国家和德国人民之间的联系始于1986年秋天,当时我是一个年轻,瘦弱,胆子较大的陆军中尉,在一个叫宾德拉赫的地方–顺便说一句,离这里不远 。 自1949年德国联邦共和国成立以来,我是住在德国的数百万美国人之一。

My tour, my time on station here, happened towards the end of the Cold War, but my fellow soldiers and I know that we had no idea that it was, in fact, close to the end. We did midnight emergency drills and exercises within sight of a militarized border. Would the next patrol – I patrolled the border from the tri-zonal point in Czechoslovakia then, Czechoslovakia up and through Hof and through Modlareuth. Would the next patrol be our last? This was very real. It seems hard to imagine for the young people in either of our two countries. We didn’t know.

我在这里的驻扎的时间是冷战即将结束的时候,但我和我的战友们并不知道是接近尾声了。我们还在军事边界线附近进行午夜紧急演习和训练。下一次巡逻是我们的最后一次吗?–我从捷克斯洛伐克的三地交汇点开始巡逻边界,从捷克斯洛伐克一直到霍夫(Hof)和莫德拉罗伊特(Modlareuth)。每次都想下一次巡逻是我们的最后一次吗? 这是非常真实的。 对于我们两国的年轻人来说,似乎都很难想象。 我们都不知道。

But we knew we had the ultimate advantage. We had national leaders with a deep faith in God, and human dignity, that had confidence in free peoples, with the courage of their convictions, who also had patience and persistence. They built our peoples’ resolve. They made the case to their respective peoples. They built our institutions and alliances so that we could collectively prevail over communism and over evil.

但是我们的确知道我们拥有最大的优势。 我们有着对上帝深切信仰和人格尊严的国家领导人,他们对自由对人民充满信心,并凭着他们的信念和勇气,他们的耐心和毅力,建立起了我们人民的决心,他们向自己敬爱的人民给出理由,他们建立了我们的机构和联盟,这样我们才可以共同战胜共产主义,战胜邪恶。

And behind the Iron Curtain, a brave and noble group of East German citizens refused to remain chained inside a communist system that denied the inherent worth of every individual. Indeed, they are the real heroes of this story. I had a chance to meet with a few of them last night in Leipzig.

在铁幕之下,有一群英勇高尚的东德人民,他们拒绝束缚于共产主义体系,因为这个体系否认任何个人的内在价值。的确,他们是这个故事的真正英雄。 昨晚我有机会在莱比锡会见了其中一些人。

Together, we won the Cold War: Germany, Germany and the United States, and all of our Allies and partners. And so it’s why I am really thrilled and happy to be here. It’s why I’m so proud – speaking mere feet from where the Wall once stood – to celebrate its demise now three decades ago. Sometimes we need to take a victory lap. We get caught up in the challenge of the day and we forget the greatness that we have achieved to lift billions of people out of horrific conditions, and that we did so together.

我们一起赢得了冷战:德国人民,德国和美国,以及我们所有的盟友和合作伙伴。因此,这也是为什么我感到非常非常地高兴来到这里。 这也是为什么我如此自豪-在曾经是隔离墙的地方仅几步之遥-庆祝摧毁了它三十周年。有时我们需要思考胜利。 我们陷入了当今的挑战,而我们忘记了我们使数十亿人摆脱了可怕的境况这样伟大的壮举,那是我们共同一起取得的壮举。

But as we celebrate, as we take this victory lap, we must also recognize that freedom is never guaranteed. We spoke to this. It doesn’t just happen. Today, authoritarianism is just a stone’s throw away. It’s rising. And if we’re honest, it never really went away completely. And I see there’s members of the Bundestag here, business leaders here in Germany. It’s up to us, all of us. It’s up to us to secure our freedom and our future together, and that is the subject of what I want to talk about today, how the United States and Germany can do this together, must do this together, for the good of our peoples and for the good of the world.

但是,当我们庆祝胜利时,我们还必须认识到,自由永远都不是有保险的。 我们谈到这一点,因为这不只是刚刚发生,今天,独裁主义离我们仅一箭之遥, 它正在加剧。而且,老实说,它永远不会真正消失。 我在这里见到联邦议院的成员,德国的商业领袖,这取决于我们,取决于我们所有人。 我们必须共同确保我们的自由和我们的未来,这就是我今天要谈论的主题,美国和德国如何才能做到这一点,必须共同做到这一点,以造福于我们各国人民和 捍卫世界的利益。

Now, I know, too, that many of you in the audience today – no matter what side of the Wall you grew up on ‒ won’t forget the horrors of the German Democratic Republic.

现在,我也知道,今天在座的观众中有许多人-无论您是在隔离墙的哪一边长大,都不会忘记德意志民主共和国的恐怖。

In 1961, the Vopos first jackhammered this city’s pavement and laid the cornerstones of cruelty.Those stones became 27 miles of wall snaking through the German capital, dividing a people. The Wall wasn’t there to keep the West out. It was there to keep the East German people in. That’s how authoritarian regimes operate then. It’s how they operate today. They force people against their own will to not have the capacity to sustain themselves and be dependent on that regime.

1961年,沃波斯(Vopos)首次用锤击这座城市的人行道,奠定了残酷暴政的基石。这些石头变成了27英里长的墙壁,蜿蜒穿过德国首都,它分裂了人民,隔离墙并不是要阻止西方的进入,而是要把那里的东德人民圈在里面。那个时候独裁政权运作的方式,也是他们今天的运作方式。 他们迫使人们违背自己的意愿,从而没有能力让自己生存下去,只能依赖那个独裁政权。

President Reagan thought that communism was a “disease” and he called it an “insanity.” How right he was. We should never forget how many millions of people suffered and died from the communist cause in the 20th century.

里根总统认为共产主义是“疾病”,他称其为“精神错乱”。他真是太正确了! 我们永远不应忘记,在20世纪有数百万人死于共产主义事业。

Indeed, the bleakness of East Germany was clear to me too, when I was stationed here. I could see it, although only from a distance, and only a short distance across that border. But I knew – I was young, I was in my early 20s – but what kind of country needed bricks and barbed wire and machine guns just to keep its people from fleeing, and they needed a Stasi to keep people from talking?

的确,当我驻扎在这里时,东德的萧条极为明显。我可以看到那种萧条,虽然是从一段距离之外看到的,但那只是越过边境线那一点的距离。但是我知道-我还很年轻,那时才20多岁- 但是,什么样的国家需要用砖块垒墙,用铁丝网和机关枪来防止她的人民逃离?他们还需要用斯塔西(前德意志民主共和国的内部安全部队)来阻止人们说话吗?

Yesterday, I had a chance to go revisit some of the same ground I walked when I was in my early 20s. I saw the tools of terror from the perspective of the other side. I’d never been across that piece of terrain before. I’d seen Modlareuth, but only from one side. Yesterday, I got to see it from the other side.

昨天,我有机会重新审视了我20多岁时走过的路。 但我是从另一边看到了恐怖的工具。 我以前从未那么做。 我见过莫德拉罗伊特,但那是从不同的一边。 昨天,我不得不从另一边去看。

And yet for all of that, for all of that governmental power, all of that authoritarianism, the GDR couldn’t crush the human spirit. The Germans maintained their imperishable hope of freedom and a better future even under that authoritarian regime.

然而,即使是所有那些镇压工具,所有独裁政府的权力, 东德政府也无法压倒人类的精神。即使在那个专制政权下,德国人仍然保持着他们对自由和更加美好未来的坚定希望。

Countless East Germans – so many of them Berliners, and maybe some of them related to you that are sitting right here today – made the daring flight against the – across the “kill zone” and the Wall. And a number of them, of course, died trying. Our Embassy here in Berlin, where the American flag flies proudly today, sits on the land that was once in that “kill zone.”

无数的东德人-包括柏林人在内的许多人,也许其中一些与今天在坐的有关- 他们大胆地越过“杀戮地带”和隔离墙试图要逃出去。一定有许多人在逃离中死亡。 今天,美国国旗自豪地飘扬的柏林美国大使馆,它就坐落在曾经是“杀戮地带”的土地上。

But East Germans knew they weren’t alone. They knew they had a partner. And they took heart from the soaring words of leaders and deeds of Presidents Truman and Kennedy and Reagan.

但是东德人民知道他们并不孤单。 他们知道自己有一个伙伴。 他们从杜鲁门总统,肯尼迪总统和里根总统这样的领导人的高尚言行中振作起来。

They remembered the East German uprising of 1953, and the Hungarian uprising just a few years later in 1956, and the Prague Spring of 1968. And they saw. They saw kindred spirits all across the world. They saw them in Poland, the march for Solidarity.

他们还记得1953年的东德起义,还有几年后的1956年的匈牙利起义,以及1968年的布拉格之春。他们看到了! 他们看到了全世界人民志趣相投。 他们在波兰人民团结大游行中看到了希望。

They felt the prayers of Pope John Paul II. 他们感到了教皇保禄二世的祈祷。

And they saw the courage to be free in the student protests in Tiananmen Square.

他们在天安门广场的学生抗议活动中看到了追求自由的勇气。

And at their back – at their back – was all of us. It was the wind of Western resolve and power.

而在他们的身后–就在他们的身后–有我们所有的人, 这就是西方的决心和力量的劲风。

That mission wasn’t always easy. It seems as we think about the challenges between allied partners today, the kerfuffles that make all the news, we think it was the Halcyon times. There were challenges then, too. I could recount them.

但这个使命并不容易。当我们思考当今同盟伙伴之间的挑战时,同盟之间布所有混战的新闻,我们会认为这是太平时期。但即使那时也有挑战, 我可以重述那些挑战。

NATO suffered France’s departure from its integrated military command in the 1960s. And the United States tried detente with the Soviets, without success, later than that. Chancellor Kohl weathered political opposition – enormous political opposition and protests when he deployed U.S. nuclear missiles in Germany in an attempt to deter Soviet aggression. We shouldn’t forget that Mitterand and Thatcher didn’t support reunification at first. It’s not historic for nations to have differences in judgment at times.

北约在60年代遭受了法国的离开综合军事司令部。在那之后,美国试图与苏联缓和,但没有成功。科尔总理在政治反对派中风风雨雨,他在德国部署美国的核导弹,以制止苏联的侵略时,遭到了巨大的政治反对和抗议。我们不应忘记,密特朗和撒切尔一开始并不支持统一 。各国有时在判断上会有分歧,但这并不具历史性。

But as Reagan said, two things were absolutely non-negotiable: our collective freedom and our collective future.

但是正如里根所说,有两件事是绝对不允许谈判:那就是我们共同的自由和我们共同的未来。

We knew that deep down, deep down, a system that was afraid of its own people could never be sustained. I believe that wholeheartedly today. (Applause.) We just didn’t – thank you. We just didn’t know when it would end. Neither the lieutenant in the field nor the president of the United States nor the chancellor of Germany knew the moment that it would come, but we knew it was absolutely imperative that we fight for it. And I think there is a real lesson there. There’s a lesson there for those of us who think that authoritarian regimes are destined to live forever. They are not.

我们知道,深刻的知道,一个害怕自己的人民的体制将永远不会维持下去。今天我也对此全身心地相信。(掌声)我们只是还不知道它什么时候结束。无论是战地中尉,还是美国总统,德国总理,都不知道那一刻在何时,但我们知道,为之奋斗绝对是当务之急。我认为有一个切实的教训,那些认为独裁政权注定会永远存在的人来说,是一个教训,因为他们不会永远存在!

In 1989, on the day before George H.W. Bush’s inauguration, Erich Honecker predicted the Wall would stand in, quote, “fifty and even one hundred years,” end of quote. I had just left. I left in the beginning of October of 1989 to return to my next duty assignment. I had no idea that I left just a couple weeks early. German courage – German courage brought it down 294 days later. It’s made my visit to St. Nicholas Church last night in Leipzig particularly poignant for me.

1989年,即在乔治· 布什的就职典礼,埃里希·昂纳克预测,柏林墙将存在 “五十甚至一百年”。我那时刚走。 我于1989年10月初离开去到下一个任务。 那时我不知道自己仅仅早走了几周。德国人的勇气– 在我离开294天后,德国人的勇气推倒了墙。昨晚我去了莱比锡,参观了圣尼古拉斯教堂,那使我尤感鼓舞。

The German triumph inspired others to throw off the chains of the Soviet empire, too, and secure their own freedom, their own future, their own dignity.

德国的胜利也激发了其他人摆脱苏联帝国的束缚,以确保自己的自由,自己的未来,自己的尊严。

So here we are on this three-decade anniversary celebrating a monumental victory for mankind’s natural longing for freedom, for this great city of Berlin, for Germany, for the German people, but also for the West ‒ all of us.

因此,我们在此纪念这一巨大的胜利三十周年,庆祝人类对自由的自然渴望,庆祝的柏林这座伟大的城市,为德国,德国人民而祝贺,同时也为西方人民而祝贺,祝贺我们所有的人们。

All of us had a moment after those days where we lost our way in the afterglow of that proud moment.

我们所有的人,在胜利后那段美好的时光之后,却片刻迷失了方向。

We thought perhaps that the collapse of communism in Berlin and Moscow and the rest of the Eastern Bloc was the start of an inevitable trend worldwide. There were those who wrote about the “end of history.”

我们也许以为,柏林和莫斯科以及东欧其他地区的共产主义崩溃是全球不可避免趋势的开始。 有些人还写了“历史的终结”。

We thought free societies would flourish everywhere. And in some places, they indeed have. But we, most importantly, thought that we could divert our resources away from alliances and militaries and the things that had secured those very freedoms.

我们以为自由社会将在各地蓬勃发展。 的确在某些地方如此。但是,最重要的是,

我们开始认为可以将那些确保过自由的资源从我们的同盟和军队中转移出来。

Sadly, we were wrong. We were wrong about the human condition and the nature of the course that many countries might take today.

可悲的是,我们错了!对人类的状况和今天许多国家可能会采取的进程,我们都想错了

Today, Russia – led by a former KGB officer stationed in Dresden ‒ invades its neighbors and slays political opponents. It suppresses the independence of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine. Russian authorities, even as we speak, use police raids and torture against Crimean Tatars and Ukrainians who are working in opposition to Russian aggression. In Chechnya, anyone considered “undesirable” by the authorities simply disappears.

今天,由曾在德累斯顿驻扎的前克格勃军官领导的俄罗斯入侵了其邻国,并杀死了政治对手。” 它压制了乌克兰东正教的独立。即使在我们讲话这时,俄罗斯当局也对反对俄罗斯侵略的克里米亚人,塔塔人和乌克兰人进行了警察突袭和酷刑。 在车臣,当局认为是“不受欢迎”的任何人都消失了。

In China – in China, the Chinese Communist Party is shaping a new vision of authoritarianism, one that the world has not seen for an awfully long time. The Chinese Communist Party uses tactics and methods to suppress its own people that would be horrifyingly familiar to former East Germans. The People’s Liberation Army encroaches on the sovereignty of its Chinese neighbors, and the Chinese Communist Party denies travel privileges to critics – even German lawmakers – who condemn its abysmal human rights record. The CCP harasses the families of Chinese Muslims in Xinjiang, who simply sought refuge abroad. We – all of us, everyone in this room – has a duty. We must recognize that free nations are in a competition of values with those unfree nations.

在中国–就在中国,中国共产党正在塑造一种新的霸权主义野心,这是世界已经很久没有看到的。中共压制自己的人民的战术和手法,和前东德极其相似。解放军侵犯了邻国的主权,中共对批评其迫害人权的批评家拒发签证,其中包括拒签德国议员的旅行签证。中共骚扰新疆的中国穆斯林家庭,他们只有到国外寻求庇护。 我们–我们所有人,这个房间中的每个人–都有责任。

The truth – this truth – wasn’t quite apparent to us in 1989. That’s understandable, perhaps.

这就是现实-这个事实-在1989年对我们来说还不是很明显。也许这是可以理解的。

So today, today 30 years on, we must mix celebration with sobriety. We must see the world for what it truly is.

因此,今天,即30年后的今天,我们必须在庆祝中保持清醒。 我们必须看到世界的真实面貌。

And we must recognize who we are. Our two democracies, the United States and Germany, possess the abundant political and economic capital and the power that can only be garnered by free societies. We have a duty – each of us – to use all we have to defend what was so hard-won in 1776, in 1945, and in 1989.

而且我们必须认识到我们是谁。 我们两个民主国家,美国和德国,拥有着只有在自由社会才能获得的丰富的政治和经济资本和权力。因此我们每个人都有责任,尽我们所能,捍卫1776年,1945年和1989年如此来之不易的努力。

And we have to do it together. We have to do it together because it’s not easy, and doing it alone is impossible. It’s never easy. It never is and it never will be.

而且我们必须团结起来一起做。 我们必须一起做,因为这并不容易,而且绝不可能单独去实现目标。 这绝非易事。 它永远不会是容易的。

This is why we make a tough case about ensuring that Germany doesn’t become dependent on Russian energy. We don’t want Europe’s energy supplies to be dependent on Vladimir Putin.

这就是为什么我们为确保德国不再依赖俄罗斯的能源而提出强硬理由。 我们不希望欧洲的能源供应依赖普京。

It’s why we ask for more from all of our NATO Allies, because Western, free nations have a responsibility to deter threats to our people, and that we are only stronger together.

这就是为什么我们要求所有北约盟国提供更多援助,因为西方自由国家有责任阻止对我们人民带来的威胁,而我们只有团结起来才能够强大。

It’s why President Trump asks every nation to help pressure the revolutionary regime in Tehran to get back to the negotiating table and get Iran to do this simple thing – to behave like a normal nation and not conduct assassination campaigns right here in the heart of Europe.

这就是为什么川普总统要求每个国家协助向德黑兰的革命政权施压,使其回到谈判桌前, 让伊朗做这件简单的事情–使它表现得像一个正常的国家,而不要在欧洲心脏地带进行暗杀活动。

And it’s why I spend a fair amount of my time talking about the risks that are presented to the world by the Chinese Communist Party, its acquisition of sensitive technology firms and Chinese companies’ intent to build out the world’s next networks. Your own intelligence chief said that Huawei cannot be fully trusted, because it is subject to the power of the Chinese Communist Party.

这也是为什么我花大量时间谈论中国共产党带给世界的危险,他们收购敏感技术和中国公司企图建立全球网络。贵国情报负责人说,不能完全信任华为,因为它受中共力量的控制。

It’s why we must speak up when we see human rights abuses inside of China, in Burma, in Iran and elsewhere, because if you don’t lead, if America doesn’t lead, who will?

这就是为什么当我们在中国国内,缅甸,伊朗和其他地方看到侵犯人权的行为时,必须大声疾呼,因为如果您不带头,如果美国不带头,还有谁会呢?

Today, my fellow Americans and I rejoice with the German people. The Wall is no more.

今天,我和美国同胞为德国人民感到高兴,因为墙不复存在。

But let us also not take lightly the threats to our freedoms, the challenges that we all face from regimes, regimes that rule instead of govern, regimes that crush rights instead of protect them, regimes for which this anniversary is a fearful warning, not a cause for celebration.

但是,我们也不要对威胁到我们自由的危险掉以轻心,我们所有人都面临来自政权的挑战,一个统治而不是管理的政权,一个镇压权利而不是保护权利的政权。在这周年纪念日向我们发出危险了警告,而不仅仅是庆祝胜利。

Those of us who want to spread freedom must confront those that want to spread their vile ideology, to dominate free nations of the world, and to subvert the rule of law, and to undermine the multilateral institutions that matter so much to freedom. They want to turn them to their own political ends.

我们想要传播自由的人们,必须面对那些想要传播邪恶思想的人,他们想统治世界的自由国家,颠覆法治,破坏对自由至关重要的多边机构,然后用自己的政治目标取代一切。

We have to collectively move forward, look forward, and face this threat with our eyes wide open if we are to overcome it. I know that we will. It’s our duty to decide the terms on which our people will live, and we want them to live in peace and in freedom.

我们必须团结一致前进,向前进,如果我们要征服它,必须睁大眼睛面对这种威胁。决定我们人民的生活条件是我们的责任,我们希望人民和平自由地生活。

So let’s resolve today – all of us, those of us in government, those of us in business – let us stand together in unity.

所以,让我们今天下定决心-我们所有人,政府中的所有人,企业中的所有人-让我们团结一致。

Let us stand together as allies. 让我们作为盟友站在一起。

Let us stand together as dear friends, as we have always been.

让我们一如既往地作为亲密的朋友站在一起。

We’ve done it before. I am very, very confident that we will continue to do it, and do it again and again.

我们以前这样,我们将一如既往继续这样做,我对此深信不疑。

I hope God will bless each of you, God will bless this great country Germany and our close friendship together.

我祈求上帝保佑大家,保佑德国这个伟大的国家和我们的亲密友谊。

And I look forward to taking some questions today. Thank you all so much. (Applause.)

我今天也期待回答一些问题。 非常感谢大家。 (掌声。)

原文链接:

https://www.state.gov/secretary-michael-r-pompeo-remarks-at-koerber-stiftung-axica-the-lessons-of-1989-freedom-and-our-future/

【秘密翻译组】