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PR：小明
简评：
南中国海是位于东亚和东南亚之间的陆缘海，是全球贸易的一个重要枢纽。
它是从波斯湾运往中国、日本、韩国原油的必经通道，这些国家销往非洲和欧洲的大部分货物，也经由该海域。对周边国家，尤其是对菲律宾和越南而言，中共国宣称对其领空领海有着管辖权，视作中共国的内陆海，并且在南中国海上建立军事基地，严重危害了附近各国的安全。2016年，海牙仲裁法院裁定菲律宾的诉讼几乎在所有各点上都成立，最终却未起什么作用。中共国霸权主义扩张得不到任何约束，引起美国及世界各国的反对。
此外，美国一些被中共蓝金黄的媒体对该国最近发生的抗议活动大肆渲染，煽风点火，唯恐天下不乱，与中共墙内媒体一唱一和，甚至将川普政府和种族歧视、镇压和平抗议这些属于中共罪行的词汇联系在一起，极为厚颜无耻。有些人甚至将美国发生的由中共挑唆和策划的恐怖暴乱活动和香港的和平游行相提并论，真是滑天下之大稽。如果这两者真有哪怕毫厘的可比性，请中共恶警也像美国警察们屈膝于黑人前那样，向几千被虐杀的香港英雄同胞的坟头下跪谢罪。
原文：
U.S. protests Beijing illegal sea claim
美国抗议北京非法的领海主张
By Bill Gertz - The Washington Times - Wednesday, June 3, 2020
作者：Bill Gertz-华盛顿时报-星期三，2020年6月3日
Photo by: Seth Wenig 照片：Seth Wenig
“The People’s Republic of China continues to make specious and destabilizing claims designed to extend its maritime area in the South China Sea,” Kelly Craft, said U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. (Associated Press)
美国驻联合国大使Kelly Craft说：“中共国继续主张其扩大在南中国海领海范围的图谋，使南中国海陷入不稳定状态。”
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Kelly Craft put the world body on notice this week that Chinese maritime claims in the South China Sea are illegal and must be rejected.
美国驻联合国大使Kelly Craft于本周通知国际组织，中共国在南中国海的海事主张是非法的，必须予以阻止。
“The People’s Republic of China continues to make specious and destabilizing claims designed to extend its maritime area in the South China Sea,” Ms. Craft told Inside the Ring. “The United States will never cease to draw attention to these unacceptable claims, and this letter puts our views on the record for the world to see.”
“中共国继续主张其扩大在南中国海领海范围的图谋，使南中国海陷入不稳定状态。”Craft女士告诉Ring，“美国将不断提醒全世界，这些不被接受的主张，会被记录在案。”
Ms. Craft told U.N. Secretary General Antonio Guterres in the June 1 letter that Beijing must correct actions that are illegal under the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention.
Craft女士在6月1日的信中告诉联合国秘书长Antonio Guterres，北京必须根据1982年《海洋法公约》纠正它的非法行动。
“Specifically, the United States objects to China’s claim to ‘historic rights’ in the South China Sea to the extent that claim exceeds the maritime entitlements that China could assert consistent with international law as reflected in the convention.”
“美国尤其反对中共国在南中国海享有“历史权利”的主张，它超出了与国际法的约束相一致的，中共国可以主张的海事权利。”
The letter was sent in response to a Chinese government letter in December invoking vague claims to “historic rights” in the South China Sea, a strategic waterway that has been the focus of political battles and international warship passages for more than 10 years.
这封信是对中共政府去年12月发出的一封信的回应，该信援引了中共对南中国海的航道具有模糊主张，声称这是其“历史权利”，十多年来这一海域一直是政治斗争和各国军舰通航的必经之地。
Beijing in the note claimed sovereignty over all South China Sea islands, including the Pratas, Paracel and Spratly islands. China also asserted control over all waters in the South China Sea covered by the government’s claims to an exclusive economic zone and territorial seas.
北京在备忘录中宣称对包括普拉塔斯群岛、西沙群岛和南沙群岛在内的南中国海所有岛屿拥有主权。中共国还主张控制南中国海的所有水域，政府声称拥有这些专属经济区和领海。
China’s government and military have stepped up efforts to dominate the South China Sea, which is a major thoroughfare for international trade and the transshipment of several trillion dollars annually in goods.
中共国政府和军方已经加大了控制南中国海的力度，此处是国际贸易和每年数万亿美元商品转运的重要通道。
Ms. Craft noted that the international Permanent Court of Arbitration unanimously ruled in 2016 in favor of the Philippines that China’s same maritime claims in the South China Sea were illegal.
Craft女士指出2016年的国际仲裁法院裁定菲律宾胜诉，法庭认为中共国在南中国海的海事主张是非法的。
The arbitration ruling “is final and binding on China and the Philippines,” she stated.
她说，此仲裁决定是最终裁定，对中共国和菲律宾具有约束力。
The United States also rejected China’s claims to control the sea as “internal waters” based on treating island groups and reefs as territory that comes with sovereign waters around them.
美国还拒绝了中共国声称这一海域为其控制下的“内陆水域”的主张，中共国在这一主张中视岛屿和礁石为领土，周围的水域为主权水域。
Additionally, Ms. Craft challenged China’s claims to maritime sovereignty based on the many reefs and islets in the sea, including entirely submerged features like Macclesfield Bank and James Shoal, as well as Mischief Reef and Second Thomas Shoal that, at “low tide elevations,” do not constitute lawful sea territory as Beijing claims.
此外，Craft女士还对中共国的领海主张提出挑战，因为中共国宣称对南海的许多如Macclesfield，James ShoalMischief Reef和Second Thomas Shoal这样低于海拔的礁石和小岛具有主权，北京所宣称占有的这些海域不构成合法领海。
“Such features do not form part of the land territory of a state in a legal sense, meaning that they are not subject to appropriation and cannot generate a territorial sea or other maritime zones under international law,” she stated.
她强调“从法律上讲，这些特征不构成国家领土的一部分，这意味着它们不能被占用，也不能根据国际法产生领海或者其他海域。”
Ms. Craft said China is using its illegal sea claims to restrict sea and air freedoms over international waters and airspace.
Craft女士说，中共国正在利用其非法海洋权利来限制国际水域和领空的海洋自由。
American military forces have been stepping up “freedom of navigation” operations in the sea by sending warships and warplanes in a bid to counter the Chinese maritime claims.
美国军队通过派遣军舰和战机来加强海上“航行自由”，以反击中共国的海事主张。
Defense Secretary Mark Esper said last month that the U.S. warship passages are aimed at countering Chinese “aggressive behavior” in the South China Sea.
国防部长马克·埃斯伯上个月表示，美国军舰在南海的通行旨在打击中共国在南中国海的“侵略行为”。
The two ships “conducted freedom of navigation operations in the South China Sea to send a clear message to Beijing that we will continue to protect freedom of navigation and commerce for all nations, large and small,” he said.
他说，这两艘船“在南中国海进行了自由航行，向北京发出了明确的信息，即我们将继续保护所有大小国家的航行和商业自由。”
NEW RUSSIAN NUCLEAR POLICY
新俄罗斯核政策
Russian President Vladimir Putin signed off on a new strategic nuclear policy this week authorizing Russian military forces to use nuclear weapons in response to conventional strikes.
俄罗斯总统普京本周签署了一项新的核战略政策，授权俄罗斯军方使用核武器来应对常规打击。
“The Russian Federation reserves the right to use nuclear weapons in response to the use of nuclear weapons and other types of weapons of mass destruction against it and/or its allies, as well as in the case of aggression against the Russian Federation with the use of conventional weapons, when it is itself at risk state existence,” the new policy decree states.
新政策指出：“当俄罗斯及其盟友受到核武器或其它大规模杀伤性武器的攻击，或是遭受常规武器的侵袭时，在国家面对生存危机之时，作为回应，俄罗斯联邦保留使用核武器的权利。”
The decree on “Fundamentals of Russia’s Nuclear Deterrence State Policy” asserts that strategic nuclear weapons are defensive and intended as a deterrent of “last resort.”
“俄罗斯核威慑国家政策基础”法令宣称，战略核武器具有防御性，旨在作为“最后手段”的威慑力量。
Threat scenarios justifying the use of nuclear arms, according to the decree, include a buildup of nuclear forces near Russia and the deployment by enemy states of anti-ballistic missile defenses, medium- and short-range cruise and ballistic missiles, high-precision non-nuclear and hypersonic weapons, armed unmanned aerial vehicles and directed energy weapons.
根据该法令，使用核武器所要应对的威胁包括在俄罗斯附近建立核力量以及敌国部署反弹道导弹防御系统、中短程巡航和弹道导弹、高精度非核武器、核武器和高超音速武器、武装无人飞机和定向能量武器。
Russia also now regards the deployment in space of missile defenses and strike systems as a threat that could require a nuclear response.
俄罗斯现在还把敌国部署导弹防御和打击系统的行为视为威胁，且可能使用核武器作为回应。。
Under the new policy, the Russian president has sole authority to employ nuclear weapons.
根据新政策，俄罗斯总统是唯一有使用核武器权利的人 。
Four conditions for the use of nuclear arms were listed: information about the launch of ballistic missile attacks on Russia or its allies; use of nuclear arms against Russia or its allies; enemy “influence” on critical state or military facilities that could lead to the disruption of nuclear forces; and “aggression against the Russian Federation with the use of conventional weapons, when the very existence of the state is threatened.”
新法令列出了使用核武器的四个条件：向俄罗斯或其盟国发动弹道导弹攻击；对俄罗斯或其盟国使用核武器；敌人对关键的国家或军事设施的“影响”且可能导致俄罗斯核力量遭到破坏； 以及“=敌国使用常规武器对俄罗斯联邦的侵略使国家的生存遭受威胁”
Disclosure of the previously secret nuclear policy comes two years after Mr. Putin announced Moscow is building new strategic weapons, including a heavy intercontinental ballistic missile, a nuclear-powered cruise missile, a hypersonic strike weapon and a drone submarine armed with a megaton-level warhead.
此前普京在莫斯科宣布俄罗斯正在制造新的战略武器，包括重型洲际弹道导弹、核动力巡航导弹、高超音速攻击武器和装备了携带百万吨级弹头的无人机的潜艇，两年之后他披露了这项此前为秘密的政策。
The strategy is being closely studied by the U.S. Strategic Command, which is in charge of American nuclear deterrence and is overseeing a robust modernization of U.S. nuclear forces.
美国战略司令部正在密切研究这项战略，该司令部掌控美国的核威慑力，并监督美国核力量坚实的现代化。
Mark Schneider, a former Pentagon nuclear policymaker, said the new Russian doctrine confirms that a nuclear counterattack to a conventional strike is a condition for the first use of nuclear weapons, not a limitation as some have interpreted.
五角大楼前核政策制定者Mark Schneider说，俄罗斯新政策的宗旨被确认为，使用核反击应对常规打击，且敌人进行常规打击为俄方首先使用核武器的条件，而不是某些人认为的限制性核武反击。
“This represents a great victory for the extreme hard-liners in Russia who have been pushing for this for 10 years,” Mr. Schneider said.
Schneider先生说：“对已经为此奋斗十年的俄罗斯强硬派来说，这是一个巨大胜利。”
The reference to using nuclear arms in response to “influence” on state and military facilities appears to indicate Moscow could use nuclear attacks in response to cyberattacks as well.
提到使用核武器来应对对国家和军事设施的“影响”似乎表明，莫斯科也可以利用核攻击来应对网络攻击。
PARK POLICE ON RIOTERS
公园警察和暴徒
Gregory T. Monahan, acting chief of the U.S. Park Police, issued a statement this week to explain efforts to clear areas around the White House prior to President Trump visiting the outside of the historic St. John’s Church — known as the “Church of the Presidents” — that was damaged in a fire by rioters over the weekend.
一名叫Gregory T. Monahan的公园警察局局长本周发表声明说，警署为应对川普访问被骚乱者在周末用大火毁坏的、历史悠久的圣约翰教堂（被称为总统教堂），此前努力对白宫周边进行了清场 。
Mr. Monahan said news reports inaccurately described those who were moved out of the park just before the visit as peaceful protesters.
Monahan先生说，新闻报道不准确地描述了在川普访问前，被赶出公园的人是和平的抗议者。
The protests at Lafayette Park and the National Mall included activities that caused injuries to Park Police officers, destruction of public property and the defacing of memorials and monuments.
拉斐特公园和国家广场的抗议活动包含了一些暴力活动，包括伤害公园警察、破坏公共财产以及纪念碑和纪念馆等。
“During four days of demonstrations, 51 members of the USPP were injured; of those, 11 were transported to the hospital and released and three were admitted,” he stated.
在四天的示威活动中，美国公园警察的51名成员受伤；其中有11人被送往医院，有些已经出院，三人被收治。”
On Monday, before the president made the walk to the church, “violent protesters on H Street NW began throwing projectiles including bricks, frozen water bottles and caustic liquids,” Mr. Monahan said.
Monahan先生说：“周一，在总统去教堂前，暴力抗议者在西北H街上开始抛掷包括砖块、冷冻水瓶和腐蚀性液体在内的物品”。
The police chief also said intelligence reports revealed that protesters had called for “violence against the police.” Among the items discovered by police in the area were “caches of glass bottles, baseball bats and metal poles hidden along the street,” he said.
这位警察局长还说，情报报告显示，抗议者呼吁“对警察施加暴力”。他说，在该地区警方发现的物品中，有“藏在街上的玻璃瓶、棒球棍和金属杆。”
Anticipating the violence, police issued three warnings to clear the area over a loudspeaker and used horse-mounted patrols to clear the crowds.
警察预料到暴力事件，发出三条警告，通过扬声器进行清场，使用骑马的巡逻人员疏散人群。
“As many of the protesters became more combative, continued to throw projectiles, and attempted to grab officers’ weapons, officers then employed the use of smoke canisters and pepper balls,” Mr. Monahan said.
随着许多抗议者变得更加好斗，继续投掷弹丸并试图劫持军官的武器，军官随后使用了烟雾罐和胡椒球，”Monahan先生说。
Contrary to widespread media reports, no tear gas was used to close the area around the park, he said.
与媒体广泛的报道相反，他没有使用催泪瓦斯来封锁公园周围的区域。
• Contact Bill Gertz on Twitter at @BillGertz.
编辑：【喜马拉雅战鹰团】