- Some look to science to help support disillusion with the world

- Movies become big entertainment

- Three waves of the influenza pandemic hit

- Many people feel increasingly fearful of the unpredictable world

- Post war prosperity crashes

ENGLAND

- Outdated factories and “replaced” as industrial leader by Japan and America.

- Ramsay MacDonald, leader of the Labour Party in the political arena.

- Easter Rising: revolt against their government in an attempt to gain independence but resulted in executions of many of the movements leaders

- IRA terrorist group fights for their independence.

AMERICA

- Black Tuesday, Oct. 29, 1929: because of speculation, stock market crashed plunging the nation into depression

- Women start wearing hair and skirts shorter and start hanging in jazz clubs. The “Flappers”

- Led by Hebert Hoover in the early stages of the depression years, later led by FDR

- Social Security Act of 1935 provided unemployment and old-aged benefits

- New Deal: a series of reforms in an attempt to drag their country out of the depression

SOVIET UNION

- New Economic Plan kept heavy industry, communications, transportation, and credit systems under government control

- Symbol of country is Roman axe bundled tightly with rods

- Vladimir Lenin rose to lead the country

- Became a command economy in which government controlled all economic decisions

- The death of Lenin led to a power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin. Stalin will win the fight

-The “purge” rid the country of party members suspected of being disloyal

- Agriculture grouped to form collective farms and people worked together to bring in the crops using the scarce farm machinery

- Had a five year plan to increase industrial, agricultural output and turn them into modern industrial giant

- Million of citizens were sent to gulags which were brutal labor camps in the barren area known as Siberia

- Violence played a major role in politics

- A single political party dominated by a single man

- No concern for human rights

ITALY

- His inspired speeches led his people to believe they could be restored in their pride, power, and world status

- Fascist leader known as Benito Mussolini, also known as Il Duce, rises to power

- Youth followers, known as “Sons of the Wolf”

- Began Fascist doctrine that appealed to the upper and middle classes

- His “Black Shirts” broke up strikes, intimidated workers, and drove elected socialist from office

- People in early post war era live for the moment, not planning on future

- The Locarno Pact in which a series of treaties state problems will be solved peacefully, and guaranteed existing boundaries between France and Germany

- Violence played a major role in politics

- A single political party dominated by a single man

- No concern for human rights

FRANCE

- Farmland as well as entire cities of the North lay in ruins as a result of the battles of WWI

- Spent large amount of money to fortify borders with the Maginot Line

- Signed a mutual assistance treaty with Czechoslovakia and Poland

- The Locarno Pact in which a series of treaties state problems will be solved peacefully, and guaranteed existing boundaries between France and Germany

GERMANY

- Leader known as der Fuhrer

- His inspired speeches led his people to believe they could be restored in their pride, power, and world status

- Secretly began to rebuild and rearm the army

- Nazi Party leader Adolph Hitler becomes Chancellor & begins the Third Reich

- The Weimar Republic was the federal government establish after the war, however it proved to be weak and ineffective

- Wartime alliance with Italy comes to an end

- To help rid the country of the communist his party staged the burning of the Reichstag building and blamed the communist

- ALL religion was discouraged and in many cases banned all together

- Open violation of the Treaty of Versailles when he marched his troops into the Rhineland.

- The Beer Hall Putsch was an attempt to oust the government. The future leader of the country was involved and jailed for his Involvement

-The Locarno Pact in which a series of treaties state problems will be solved peacefully, and guaranteed existing boundariesbetween France and Germany

- In a book by the future leader of the country known as Mein Kampf, his racial superiority theory was laid out

- Violence played a major role in politics

- Aryan racial superiority became an obsession of the state

- A single political party dominated by a single man

- No concern for human rights

-Said it would end all class division like the teachings of Karl Marx