新闻来源：National Review《国家评论》；作者：H.R.MCMASTER；发布时间：September 24, 2020 / 2020年9月24日

翻译/简评：毛毛猫猫；校对：johnwallis；审核：InAHurry；Page：拱卒

简评：

中共政权为了达到称霸全球的目的，处心积虑地运用其国家资本主义经济模式的优势，利用美国开放的社会和自由市场经济，通过在资本市场上市攫取资金，并以合作投资等方式捆绑美国企业和研究机构，明目张胆地窃取和掠夺美国的科技成果。并无耻地将这些成果用于发展其军力以实现抗衡美军和进行地区扩张；中共将人脸识别等高科技技术用于其国家机器，以监视压制和奴役包括维吾尔族和藏人在内的中国人民。美国安全部门必须采取更加严厉的措施，才能打赢这场捍卫自由世界秩序的战争。

原文翻译：

China’s Statist System Is No Match for Free Markets

中共国的公有制体制与市场经济格格不入

But there is much room for improvement in the effort to prevent China from using the open nature of the U.S. economy to its advantage.

我们在阻止中共国利用美国经济的开放性来发展它的优势方面还有很大的改进空间。

Editor’s Note: The following is an excerpt from the book Battlegrounds: The Fight to Defend the Free World by H. R. McMaster. Copyright © 2020 by H. R. McMaster. The book was published on September 22, 2020, by Harper, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. Reprinted by permission. Part I of the excerpt is here.

编者注：以下摘自H. R. McMaster所著的《战场：捍卫自由世界的斗争》。H.R. McMaster版权所有©2020。该书由HarperCollins出版商的印记Harper于2020年9月22日出版。经许可转载。

The CCP views its centralized, statist economic system as bestowing advantages, especially the ability to successfully coordinate efforts across government, business, academia, and the military. And it views America’s and other nations’ decentralized, free-market economic systems as rendering them unable to compete with China’s centrally-directed strategies, such as Made in China 2025, OBOR, and Military-Civilian Fusion. That is why the United States and other free-market economies need to demonstrate the competitive advantages of decentralization and unconstrained entrepreneurialism while defending themselves from Chinese predation. Here, the private sector plays a vital role. Companies and academic institutions at the forefront of developing and applying new technologies must recognize that China is breaking the rules to take advantage of our open societies and free-market economies. A first step toward preserving competitive advantage is to crack down on Chinese theft of our technologies. Although there have been significant reforms in national-security reviews of foreign investments, another effective defense would be to enforce requirements that U.S. companies report investment by China-related entities, technology transfer requests, and participation in the CCP’s core technology development or PLA modernization programs.

中共认为中央集权的经济体制具有优势，特别是这种体制能够成功协调政府、企业、学术界和军队之间的工作。它认为美国和其他国家的去中心化的自由市场经济体系无法与中共国的中央集权战略，例如“中国制造2025”，“一带一路”和“军民融合” 相抗衡。这就是为什么美国和其他自由市场经济体在体现出权力下放和不受约束的企业家精神的竞争优势时，必须保护自己不受中共国掠夺。在这里，私营部门起着至关重要的作用。处于新技术开发和应用前沿的公司和学术机构必须认识到，中共国正在打破我们的规则，利用我们开放的社会和自由市场经济。我们要保持竞争优势的第一步是打击中共国对我们的技术的盗窃。尽管我们已经在有关外国投资的国家安全审查上进行了重大的改革，但另一项有效的防御措施是强制要求美国公司报告与中共国有关的实体投资、技术转让要求以及其在中共核心技术开发或中国人民解放军现代化建设中的参与。

There is much room for improvement in the effort to prevent China from using the open nature of the U.S. economy to promote not only its state capitalist model, but also to perfect its surveillance police state. Many universities, research labs, and companies in countries that value the rule of law and individual rights are witting or unwitting accomplices in the CCP’s use of technology to repress its people and improve PLA capabilities. For dual-use technologies, the private sector should seek new partnerships with those who share commitments to free-market economies, representative government, and the rule of law. Many companies are engaged in joint ventures or partnerships that help the CCP develop technologies suited for internal security, such as surveillance, artificial intelligence, and biogenetics. Others accede to Chinese investments that give the CCP access to such technology. In one of many examples, a Massachusetts-based company provided DNA sampling equipment that helped the CCP track Uighurs in the Xinjiang region. Google has been hacked by China, used by the CCP to shut off the Chinese people’s access to information, and refused to work with the U.S. Department of Defense on artificial intelligence. Companies that knowingly collaborate with CCP efforts to repress the Chinese people or to build military capabilities that might one day be used against those companies’ fellow citizens should be penalized.

我们国家在阻止中共国利用美国经济的开放性来壮大它的国家资本主义模式，以及加强对中国老百姓的监控等方面所展开的工作，还有很大的改进空间。在许多重视法治和人权的国家，他们的大学，研究实验室和公司都有意或无意地成为了中共使用某些技术手段加强对其人民的压制并提高人民解放军的战斗能力的帮凶。对于军民两用的技术，私营部门应多寻求与在“自由市场经济，代议制政府和法治精神”等方面能达成共识的伙伴，建立新的合作伙伴关系。现在的情况是：我们的有些公司都参与了合资企业或合作伙伴关系，以帮助中共开发适合内部安全的技术，例如监视、人工智能和生物遗传学。另一些公司则接受了来自中共国的投资，从而使中共可以接触到这些技术。在众多的案例中就有这么一个案例：有一家位于马萨诸塞州的公司向中共提供了一种DNA采样设备，从而帮助中共可以追踪新疆地区的维吾尔族人的活动。同时，谷歌曾遭到来自中共国的黑客攻击，被中共用来封锁中共国人的信息访问渠道，但谷歌却拒绝与美国国防部合作共同开发人工智能。那些故意与中共合作镇压中共国人民，或帮助中共强大它的军事实力的公司，在这些实力在将来如果被用来对付我们的同胞的时都应该受到惩罚。

Tougher screening for U.S., European, and Japanese capital markets would also help restrict firms’ complicity in helping the CCP’s authoritarian agenda. Many Chinese companies directly or indirectly involved in domestic human-rights abuses and violation of international treaties are listed on American stock exchanges. Those companies benefit from U.S. and other Western investors. There are more than 700 Chinese companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange, about 62 on the NASDAQ Composite index, and more than 500 in the poorly regulated over-the-counter market. One company that is a candidate for delisting is Hikvision, a company responsible for facial-recognition technology that identifies and monitors the movement of ethnic Uighurs. Hikvision produces surveillance cameras that line the walls of Chinese concentration camps in Xinjiang. Together with its parent company, the state-owned China Electronics Technology Group, Hikvision is on the U.S. Commerce Department Entity List (what many call “the Blacklist”). Free-market economies like ours have far more leverage than they are using because they control the vast majority of the world’s capital.

对美国、欧洲和日本的资本市场进行更严格的筛选也将有助于阻止美国公司（为了一己私利）与中共集权政府形成同盟。许多涉嫌直接或间接参与中共国国内侵犯人权和违反国际条约的中共国公司都在美国证券交易所上了市。这些公司受益于美国和其他的西方投资者。在纽交所上市的中共国公司有700多家，在纳斯达克综合指数中挂牌的约有62家，在许多监管力度不是那么严格的场外交易市场中有大约500多家中共国公司。海康威视（Hikvision）就是一家被要求从美国退市的公司，该公司涉嫌使用人脸识别技术识别和监控在新疆的维族人的日常生活。海康威视（Hikvision）生产的监控摄像机被成排安装在新疆集中营的墙壁上。海康威视与其母公司——中共国有的中国电子科技集团一起，被列入美国商务部实体名单（许多人称之为“黑名单”）。像美国这样的自由市场经济体系在资本市场上可以使用的杠杆作用远超中共国，因为我们控制着全球绝大多数的资本。

Defensive measures, however, are inadequate. Free and open societies need to become more competitive through reform and investments. China here has a clear advantage in the adoption of new technologies. Its centralized decision-making system, government subsidies, underwriting of risk, the relative lack of the kinds of regulations and bureaucratic hurdles typical in the United States and other democratic nations, and the lack of ethical impediments (e.g., in the areas of biogenetics and autonomous weapons) all foster fast application of technologies in the civil sector and the PLA. Although the United States and other nations should not compromise their ethics, many of the weaknesses relative to China are self-imposed. For example, the U.S. national-security institutions suffer from chronic bureaucratic inertia. The slow, inflexible nature of defense budgeting and procurement in the United States has long been studied, with little effective change. But the stakes are now too high to tolerate the lack of predictable multi-year procurement budgets, convoluted procurement systems, and deferred defense modernization. The sheer difficulty of doing business with the Department of Defense discourages the most innovative small companies from contributing to defense capabilities and makes it difficult to innovate within the life cycle of emerging technologies. The old model of multi-year research and development to design and test a capability is no longer valid. The U.S. Department of Defense and military services risk exquisite irrelevance as the PLA develops new capabilities and countermeasures that vitiate longstanding American military advantages. Reducing barriers to collaboration between the private sector and national-security and defense-related industries could release the potential of free-market innovation in this critical area.

但是，我们的防范措施却明显不足。自由开放的社会需要通过改革和投资来提高我们的竞争力。中共国在采用新技术方面具有明显优势。它拥有中央集权的决策系统，政府可以对许多项目进行补贴并对项目风险兜底，有相对于美国和其他民主国家较少的规章制度和官僚主义制度的束缚，和道德上的约束（例如，在生物遗传和生物医学领域自主研发武器等），这些都促进了新技术得以在中共国的军队和民间的快速推广。尽管美国和其他国家不应为了与中共国竞争而去降低自己的道德标准，但与中共相比，则反映出我们自身的许多弱点，我们对此难辞其咎。例如，美国国家安全机构长期处于一种官僚状态。人们一直在研究缓慢、僵化的国防预算和采购过程，但几乎没有任何有效的改变。不断聚集的风险让我们无法再容忍年复一年的无法精准预测的采购预算，复杂的采购系统和长期被拖延的国防现代化建设。与国防部开展业务的诸多困难阻碍了最具创新力的小公司对国防能力的贡献，并使其难以在新兴技术的生命周期内进行创新。一项新技术需要经过多年的研究开发才能设计和测试的旧模式不再有效。随着中共国军队发展出可以抵消美国长期军事优势的新能力和对策，美国国防部和军事部门可能会面临无关紧要的风险。减少私营部门与国家安全和国防相关行业之间合作的障碍，可以释放出自由市场经济在这一关键领域的创新潜力。

But even streamlining bureaucracy will prove insufficient to compete with the vast investments China is making in emerging dual-use technologies that will advantage its data economy and its military capabilities. That is why government and private-sector investment in technologies in the areas of artificial intelligence, robotics, augmented and virtual reality, and materials science will prove crucial for the United States to maintaining differential advantages over an increasingly capable and aggressive PLA. Defense cooperation across the Indo-Pacific region should extend to multinational development of future defense capabilities, with the ultimate goal of convincing the CCP that it cannot accomplish objectives through the use of force. Multinational cooperation in the development of space and cyberspace capabilities could also deter Chinese aggression in these contested domains. And Taiwan’s defense capabilities must be sufficient to ward off China’s designs for what would be a costly war with the potential of expanding across large portions of East Asia.

但是，即使精简官僚机构也将不足以与中共国在新兴的军民两用技术上进行的巨额投资带来的数字经济和军事能力的繁荣相抗衡。这就是为什么我们的政府和私营部门要加大在人工智能、机器人技术、虚拟和现实增强技术以及材料科学等领域投资的原因。对于美国而言，保持我们与日益强大和更具侵略性的中共国军队的优势差异至关重要。跨印度——太平洋地区的国防合作应重点发展在这一区域的相关多国未来的整体国防能力，我们的终极目标是告诉中共，他们不可以通过使用武力来实现他们的野心。在太空和网络空间能力提升方面的跨国合作也可以阻止中共国在这些竞争领域的侵略野心。台湾的防御能力必须足够抵御中共国的构陷，以避免在这一地区发生一场代价高昂，并有可能在东亚大部分地区蔓延开来的战争。

编辑：【喜马拉雅战鹰团】Edited by：【Himalaya Hawk Squad】